Tomorrow marks the 40th anniversary of the end of Richard Nixon's presidency, an occasion to look back at a man, and a moment, that changed the country. As long as there was such a base, I felt strongly that it was necessary to see the constitutional process through to its conclusion, that to do otherwise would be unfaithful to the spirit of that deliberately difficult process and a dangerously destabilizing precedent for the future. And what people remember are two things, Nixon the China and Watergate. BICKERS: I think that you have to have some sort of relief valve. Nevertheless, that impeachment also failed when it reached the high bar of the Senate, so that what we can see today is that we haven't essentially changed. Garment urged that Ford announce a pardon at a news conference scheduled for that afternoon. The Democratic Party is more united. Contact Gabriel H. Sanchez at gabriel.sanchez@buzzfeed.com. Next week on Brainwave: using drones to measure tornadoes, and other high and low tech ways we're prepping for natural disasters. And Golda Meir said he was the best friend Israel ever had. Nixon also stated his hope that, by resigning, "I will have hastened the start of that process of healing which is so desperately needed in America." Add your answer and earn points. That fall, he won by a landslide, beating Senator George McGovern by nearly 18 million votes. He spoke via televised public address from the Oval Office to the American people. A break-in at the Democratic National Committee - which was connected to then-President Richard Nixon's re-election campaign - led to Nixon's resignation in 1974. PLEASE PLEASE HELP ME. And so we're already drowning in tapes. Each time I have done so to discuss with you some matter that I believe affected the national interest. Luke Nichter, Pat Buchanan raises the fact that there are many aspects to this man. LISA: We take a look back at a moment that changed us. That night, knowing his presidency was effectively over, Nixon finalized his decision to resign. This is the 37th time I have spoken to you from this office, where so many decisions have been made that shaped the history of this Nation. You know, the reason why Richard Nixon, I believe, wouldn't have resigned had it not been for the tapes is that we Americans prefer our presidents to be right. [1], According to his address, Nixon said he was resigning because "I have concluded that because of the Watergate matter I might not have the support of the Congress that I would consider necessary to back the very difficult decisions and carry out the duties of this office in the way the interests of the nation would require". I don't know that the Republican Party can really come back, though, because it has permanently lost, I think, a significant slice of the country. By overstepping his bounds, Richard Nixon tested our constitutional structure. Just a minute. I was offered the headship of the plumbers. There has to be some mechanism so that a president can be removed. It wasn't just Watergate. Journalists became heroes as a result. As we look to the future, the first essential is to begin healing the wounds of this Nation, to put the bitterness and divisions of the recent past behind us, and to rediscover those shared ideals that lie at the heart of our strength and unity as a great and as a free people. I think what is clear with this discussion is that Nixon does occupy this sort of unique place in our public consciousness. To have served in this office is to have felt a very personal sense of kinship with each and every American. The tapes clearly showed Nixon had been part of the cover-up. But I also think that Richard Nixon forced a lot of Americans to think about what they want their president to do. We will disagree with them, but at a certain point, the president is our bald eagle. info. While the article focuses only on the immediate events, the speech presents Nixon's resignation within a broader context of world history. He was doing so, he said, because "the interests of the Nation must always come before any personal considerations." Andres Belton and Cole Hemstreet created our intro. It was Wednesday, Aug. 7, 1974 . On the evening of August 8, 1974, from the Oval Office, President Richard Nixon announced his resignation, this after a two-year-long saga that became known as the Watergate scandal. Helen Thomas, correspondent and White House bureau chief for United Press International, leans against a wall as she awaits transcripts of Nixon's resignation speech in the White House press office. He even asked the CIA to slow the FBI's investigation, claiming national-security risks. People dont think about government today in the way people thought about government in the 50s and 60s. But it happened in stages. See, he was an Eisenhower era Republican. I regret deeply any injuries that may have been done in the course of the events that led to this decision. [10], In 1999, 137 scholars of American public address were asked to recommend speeches for inclusion on a list of "the 100 best American political speeches of the 20th century," based on "social and political impact, and rhetorical artistry." And that in some ways, that's better. I would add to that not just the Nixon presidency, but really it's kind of the long 1960s had kind of fundamentally reordered the relationship between the government and the governed. Vice President Ford will be sworn in as President at that hour in this office. I have tried to the best of my ability to discharge those duties and meet those responsibilities that were entrusted to me. We like to put presidents in boxes. He managed non to sound defensive. I think people have become more cynical of their political leaders. And in some congressional districts the party is putting up no candidates at all.. PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON: I shall resign the presidency effective at noon tomorrow. He nailed Alger Hiss. (Sorry for caps, I just really need help.) But by stepping down himself, he put an end to the possibility of formally being removed from office. I shall leave this office with regret at not completing my term, but with gratitude for the privilege of serving as your President for the past 5 1/2 years. Nixon announced his resignation on Aug. 8, 1974. But this is these are the seeds of the wars we're fighting today. Watergate turned out to be a pattern of abuses of power which are well-documented by the case. After Nixon left office, he could have been charged with crimes for his part in covering up the events of Watergate. People gather and celebrate in front of the White House on the evening of Nixon's resignation speech. And a free people ought to be able to rid themselves of it without having to resort to bloodshed or revolution. On Saturday, July 27, the House Judiciary Committee approved its first article of impeachment charging President Nixon with obstruction of justice. He was also a political icon in this country for 50 years. 4. From the discussions I have had with Congressional and other leaders, I have concluded that because of the Watergate matter I might not have the support of the Congress that I would consider necessary to back the very difficult decisions and carry out the duties of this office in the way the interests of the Nation would require. Vice President Gerald Ford succeeded to the presidency upon Nixon's resignation.[3]. It comes in the midst of real turmoil certainly over civil rights in the United States, but the breakdown in some ways of democracy at the Democratic National Convention. 00:00. resolve on sanctions. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Later, President Gerald R. Ford granted Nixon a "full, free, and absolute pardon," though Nixon always maintained his innocence. His resignation came just days after the house judiciary committee recommended three articles of impeachment against him. But when you look at this, there's still a fascination with Richard Nixon. But I will say, your question is excellent. Was Nixon actually a liberal, right? [7] This attribute of the speech coincides with John Poulakos's definition of sophistical rhetoric in Towards a Sophistic Definition of Rhetoric, because Nixon met the criterion of "[seeking] to capture what was possible"[8] instead of reflecting on his term. It increased politicians' suspicions about liberal media bias. LISA: 45 years ago, on August ninth, 1974, President Richard Nixon resigned. What is your view of the situation as we see it now? President Nixon announces his resignation on national TV during a speech from the Oval Office on Aug. 8, 1974. Tim Naftali, Luke Nichter, Pat Buchanan, Beverly Gage, we thank you. Not only that. Audience He's speaking directly to the people of the United States, and indirectly to the whole world. Learn more about Friends of the NewsHour. We must continue to build on that friendship so that peace can settle at last over the Middle East and so that the cradle of civilization will not become its grave. Richard Nixon is Shakespearian because he was so full of power, so full of darkness, so full of ambition that he tested our constitutional structure, and reshaped it in a way that I'm sure he regretted, but in a way that's been helpful to all Americans. You could always have an unforeseen occasion in which someone betrays the country, whether through treason, which is the first cause of impeachment listed, or through just sheer corruption or criminality. Tim Naftali, you have already talked about how you think he changed the constitutional makeup of the country. It also takes courage to stand and fight for what you believe is right, and that is what intend to do. Mudd noted that Nixon re-framed his resignation speech to accent his accomplishments rather than to apologize for the Watergate scandal. Nixon met with Republican congressional leaders two days later, and was told that he would face certain impeachment in the House and subsequent removal from office in the Senate. He made no mention, however, of the articles of impeachment pending against him. 20pts. A crowd in front of the White House watches President Nixon's resignation speech. A prayer vigil is held in support of President Nixon on July 29, 1974. Historically, two presidents have been impeached PAUL: Where were you in 1974 when the Nixon resignation occurred? Nixon used to say, asked what the prime minister said, a prime minister has got to be a good butcher. ALLEN: Well, their intention was, of course, what we would obviously think. With the release on August 5, 1974 of several taped Oval Office conversations, one of which was the "smoking gun" tape, recorded soon after the break-in, and which demonstrated that Richard Nixon had been told of the White House connection to the Watergate burglaries soon after they took place, and had approved plans to thwart the investigation, Nixon's popular support all but evaporated,[4] and his political support collapsed. How does this video show how Sparta was proud and identifi strong? Faced with what seemed almost certain impeachment, Nixon announced on August 8, 1974, that he would resign the next day to begin "that process of healing which is so desperately needed in. But once he was gone, the Americans were not quick to forgive and forget. First of all, the impeachment question itself. Well, the interesting thing about Nixon, as Luke says, is that he fits into a lot of boxes. How did President Nixon's resignation affect the relationship between politicians and the media? President Richard Nixon made an address to the American public from the Oval Office on August 8, 1974, to announce his resignation from the presidency due to the Watergate scandal. A woman reads a headline in front of the White House on the afternoon of Nixon's resignation speech. It is not as if there is some actual crime that has been committed. So, their intention was to provide civil means for solving extraordinary political problems. Pat Buchanan, who served as a senior adviser in the Nixon White House, and he's author of the book "The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose From Defeat to Create the New Majority." I want to turn to Beverly Gage first. By taking this action, I hope that I will have hastened the start of that process of healing which is so desperately needed in America. Gerald Ford had less than four days. We think we know everything about him, but you learned more. These years have been a momentous time in the history of our Nation and the world. Sometimes, I have succeeded, and, sometimes, I have failed. DIRK: Bickers says that, while Nixon was not impeached, the specter of being forced from office prompted him to resign. And yet we still have a lot more to learn. And we take this moment to look back at someone who had a profound effect on our nation. But as President, I must put the interest of America first. November 28, 1982. Nixon - support was wavering by the minute. Some members of President Nixon's own administration testified against him, including former White House counsel John Dean, who said there had been a cover-up, one he had discussed with the president. By Ted Gup. And, ultimately, the American people and all three branches of government learned that he had been lying all along. We have the top third, the bottom third, we have average, we have below average. The Justices found themselves in new territory as the . But he resisted, with comments like this at a news conference in March of '74. I think the fact that it exists is good for the Republic. [5][6], The president's speechwriter Raymond K. Price wrote the resignation speech. Throughout the long and difficult period of Watergate, I have felt it was my duty to persevere, to make every possible effort to complete the term of office to which you elected me. They're never coming but in a funny way, this suspicion of government actually, I think, benefited people like Reagan. Biography of Richard Nixon: Presidency and Watergate Watch on LISA: The 37th president of the United States is the only commander-in-chief to resign while in office. I think we you know, we launched a field of investigative journalism. Forty years ago today President Richard M. Nixon faced the fact that he had lost virtually all his remaining political support in the halls of American power. Brainwave's Dirk Martin spoke with a few of you on the pearl street mall about what you recall most and how it still resonates today. I think it's created a degree of greater transparency. Nixon conveyed through words that his actions and determinations. But we must set as our goal not just limiting but reducing and finally destroying these terrible weapons so that they cannot destroy civilization and so that the threat of nuclear war will no longer hang over the world and the people. That number dropped and it stayed low for well over a decade. Faculty-Staff Email Archive Student Email Archive Graduate Student Email Archive New Buffs Email Archive Senior Class Student Email Archive CommunityEmail Archive COVID-19 Digest Archive. Were you aware of any devices installed in the executive office building office of the president? Now, look, this was a very tough era. During his 1968 campaign, Nixon promised that he had a "secret plan" to put an end the Vietnam War. NIXON: By taking this action, I hope that I will have hastened the start of that process of healing which is so desperately needed in America. Beverly Gage, you talked to us about he really was a part of a series of things that happened in this country in the late '60s and '70s. On August 9, 1974, facing likely impeachment for his role in covering up the scandal, Nixon became the only U.S. president to resign. Where does Nixon fall? I think what I have come away with, I think, a deeper appreciation for both his I think his good traits and for his faults. I pledge to you tonight that as long as I have a breath of life in my body, I shall continue in that spirit. There seemed to be no doubt but that there was justification for the impeachment. As Beverly intimated, this really was the high point of the imperial presidency. President Nixon ultimately released damning tapes that undeniably confirmed his complicity in the Watergate scandal on August 5, 1974. One is that we also have the look at Watergate not really as ending with the resignation but having a series of consequences afterwards, particularly for the intelligence community, began to have a whole series of studies of government secrecy. Shortly before this press conference, delivered in . In much more obvious cases such as Andrew Johnson's, it had not, but in this case, it seemed the weight of the evidence was so strong that it accomplished the purpose of the political process by inducing the resignation. The following article hopes to help you make more suitable choices and get more useful information Right: A man in a Nixon mask smokes a joint in New York City, 1974. As support for Richard Nixon continued to fall apart, even his staunchest allies were calling for his resignation. We must press on, however, toward a goal of not only more and better jobs but of full opportunity for every American and of what we are striving so hard right now to achieve, prosperity without inflation. It had lasting impacts. While it is not known if President Nixon knew about or was involved in ordering the break-in at the Watergate Hotel, it is known that he and White House Chief of Staff H. R. "Bob" Haldeman were recorded on June 23, 1972, discussing using the CIA to obstruct the FBI's investigation of the Watergate break-ins. To get more into what exactly impeachment is, and how its been used over time, Brainwaves Paul Beique checked in with political scientist, former CU Boulder conservative scholar, and senior scholar in residence at the Benson Center for the Study of Western Civilization, William B. Allen. JUDY WOODRUFF: On the evening of August 8, 1974, from the Oval Office, President Richard Nixon announced. This is the 37th time I have spoken to you from this office, where so many decisions have been made that shaped the history of this Nation. ALLEN: I was teaching at Harvey Mudd College and Claremont Graduate School in California during the time of the Nixon hearings and his eventual resignation. That division has grown. She's professor of 20th century American history at Yale University. We've had many threats of impeachment in the course of our history, and sometimes our political disputes are of such a nature that we revert to the conversation of impeachment when we run out of the real capacity for mutual deliberation. We got word early Thursday, Aug. 8, that Nixon would address the nation that evening to announce his resignation the following day. Balance of Payments Deficit. What started to change in the Middle Ages after the Crusades? He had desegregated the South. Bickers says using impeachment as a political tool is not what the founding fathers had in mind. I would say only that if some of my judgments were wrong, and some were wrong, they were made in what I believed at the time to be the best interest of the Nation. I would have preferred to carry through to the finish whatever the personal agony it would have involved, and my family unanimously urged me to do so. Three days later, the House Judiciary Committee voted along bipartisan lines to approve articles of impeachment, charging the president with obstruction of justice and abuse of power. After resigning, President Nixon leaves the White House with (from right) Vice President Gerald Ford, second lady Betty Ford, and first lady Pat Nixon. I'm sure he didn't think the New Deal was going down the road to socialism. That is what the Constitution is open to. On Aug. 8, 1974, President Richard Nixon went on national TV to announce his resignation effective at noon Aug. 9. Why did Ford give Nixon pardon? There were things done in Watergate also. As someone who looks at contemporary American history, what box does he fit into? But after Watergate, it dropped a lot, to 36%. So that the impeachment discussion is only the other side of the coin of the polarization discussion in our politics. For that, Richard Nixon will be forever remembered. This book cites Roger Mudd of CBS News as an example of someone who disliked the speech. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by curtturner1712 Terms in this set (9) Which best summarizes the outcome of the Watergate scandal? He was in the the whole McCarthy-Truman era, he was at the center of that, the second youngest vice president. [ 1995 ] ) 2 former president merely went every bit far as stating the state that . That doesnt seem to be existing today., Question: Can you find any parallels between with what went on back then and with whats happening now in D.C.?, Person # 2 answer: I can in terms of nefarious activities, for sure. He came out of poverty. Pat sounds like a spokesperson for the book, in some ways. The resignation was prompted by the accumulation of two years of damaging investigations as to Nixon's involvement in the 1972 Watergate scandal, in which men acting on orders from the Republican Committee to Reelect the President had broken into Democratic National Headquarters. And he had these scurrilous comments about Jewish folks when someone did something and he cut into it. ALLEN: Yes, I think it's really important for people to understand now the discussion of impeachment in any given political historical era is an integral part of the political process. Purpose To inform the people of his official resignation, try to improve his reputation and highlight the positive aspects of his presidency. The actual act of Nixon resigning as president. DIRK: Never to recover ALLEN: Nothing has changed from the beginning. He didn't mind doing whatever was necessary to hurt his political enemies. I will grant Luke it's true. In an evening televised address on August 8, 1974, President Richard M. Nixon announces his intention to become the first president in American history to resign. Now, you did have, of course, actual allegations in the Clinton case that you don't have here. To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home. He recovered from political defeat to be chosen again as the Republican Party's candidate at the 1968 election. BICKERS: And that number has really never recovered. On April 29, 1974, President Richard Nixon announced that he would turn over 1,200 pages of edited transcripts about the Watergate scandal to the House Judiciary Committee. The next morning, White House Chief of Staff Alexander Haig presented this letter to President Nixon to sign. Do we give him the credit or discredit for that? All that was covered up. All right, well, we're not going to resolve so much of this 40 years later, but we will keep on trying. Nixon was already an international figure then. Nixon ultimately lost much of his popular and political support as a result of Watergate. Loses to the legendary JFK, loses in California, says goodbye and good luck, I'm out of politics, manages what I call the greatest comeback in American political history, vaults to a 49-state victory, on top of the world, and because of the mendacity and because of the frankly, the indecisiveness in Watergate not to step up and say, look, our guys did it, I didn't know about it, and we got to cut them dead. It is . Politicians were now much more hesitant around the media and the media saw a new role for themselves as investigators in a way not seen since the muckrackers. And it failed. Six of the Committee's 17 Republicans joined all 21 Democrats in voting for the article. He ordered things that, fortunately, things people didn't follow up on. The case of United States v. Nixon reached the Court on July 8, 1974, after it had concluded its prior term. It did not succeed in the Senate. President Nixon prepares to deliver the speech announcing his resignation. If I may well, if I may, Pat, you have reduced Watergate to just a break-in and the cover-up of the break-in. ALEXANDER BUTTERFIELD, Former White House Aide: After the hearings, Democrats, commentators and even members of his own party called for the president to resign. And, so, Tim Naftali, is that one reason why we remain so fascinated by him? I have never been a quitter. To get at some of those questions, Brainwaves Dirk Martin sat down with CU Boulder political scientist Ken Bickers. We still have 700 to 800 hours of tapes that have not been released. I mean, it can be argued that the way we view government, government itself changed as a result of Richard Nixon. What made Nixon's activity lead to his resignation was the fact that did not fear any repercussions from engaging in such illegalities. The president also refused to turn over the Oval Office tapes, until, on July 24, the Supreme Court ordered their release. LISA: Patrons in a Philadelphia bar watch President Nixon's resignation speech. How things, you know, back then see how bad they were and then we look at whats going on there today and the dysfunctionality and how things are just screwed up., Person # 2: Well, I think you had a bi-partisan effort to be able to uphold justice. What is the most import social impact from 10.3. t. e. President Richard Nixon made an address to the American public from the Oval Office on August 8, 1974, to announce his resignation from the presidency due to the Watergate scandal . I mean, it can be removed to rid themselves of it without having to resort to bloodshed revolution. And meet those responsibilities that were entrusted to me and every American week Brainwave. To improve his reputation and highlight the positive aspects of his presidency was effectively over, Nixon China... It is not as if there is some actual crime that has committed! 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