), urban population: 38.2% of total population (2022)rate of urbanization: 4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Because they tend to live in the urban zones most at risk to climate hazards, benefits will particularly accrue to low-income households. In addition various sector ministries such as Finance, Agriculture, Fisheries, Tourism, Energy, Health, Mineral Resources, Public Works, Women and Social Affairs are involved in the project implementation. The rest of the year has a more moderate climate, with the coolest months in June and July. To support the government in their efforts to address these problems and promote sustainable development, the PEI initiated the country programme in 2005. )$38.91 billion (2019 est. Tens of thousands of people were displaced and, according to the United Nations, over 1.85 million people, most of them women and children, needed urgent assistance. Links to the State Department's website for background on the country's political environment. Information released online from June 2012 to September 2017. In the first half of the second millennium A.D., northern Mozambican port towns were frequented by traders from Somalia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and India. An increasingly fragile security and social environment. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, propelled the countrys GDP, in purchasing power parity terms, from $4 billion in 1993 to about $37 billion in 2017. The high population growth rate is somewhat restrained by the countrys high HIV/AIDS and overall mortality rates. in English, works very closely with communities on environmental issues such as the cutting down of forests, pollution, dams, oil exploration and people's access to clean water. The cultures and traditions of Islam, Swahili and Bantu speakers co-exist harmoniously in the country. The country's tourism sector is also growing. JA!, which means Now! These recurring incidences will have serious impacts on urban infrastructure and the health of local populations and biodiversity. )solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The implementation of Green Industrialization has the potential to generate environmental gains", Kamwemdo said, stressing that natural . ), 7.753 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. We need only recall cyclones Idai and Kenneth in Mozambique in 2019 and, more recently, the floods in Pakistan. ), improved: urban: 93.4% of populationrural: 61.5% of populationtotal: 73.3% of populationunimproved: urban: 6.6% of populationrural: 38.5% of populationtotal: 26.7% of population (2020 est. ), household consumption: 69.7% (2017 est. Socialist policies, economic mismanagement, and a brutal civil war from 1977 to 1992 further impoverished the country. This has further led to increased funding for implementation of pro-poor environmental objectives for several sector ministries (Mining, Women and Social Affairs, Energy, Health, Tourism, Fisheries). Frequent natural disasters disrupt livelihoods and food production of the most vulnerable people, undermining the fight against extreme poverty. Mozambique a great diversity of animal life, including zebras, water buffalo, elephants, giraffes, lions, hippopotami, and crocodiles. note: data are in current year dollars$5.97 billion (2018 est.) ), due to shortfall in agricultural production and economic downturn - the number of people in need of food assistance is expected to rise above the 1.86 million estimated in 2021-2022 because of three key factors; firstly, higher yearonyear prices of food and fuel are reducing households purchasing power, worsening their economic access to food, particularly for low-income households; secondly, the impact of extreme weather events on agricultural production in central and southern provinces in 2022 is likely to mean that farming households in the affected areas have both low food supplies from their own production and curtailed income-earning opportunities from crop sales, impinging on their food availability and economic access to food; thirdly, there has been an increase in attacks by nonstate armed groups in the northern province of Cabo Delgado in 2022, municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.5 million tons (2014 est. They view environmental justice as the act of using the environment as a vehicle for ensuring equity and equality across society. GDP fell to 3.1% in 2017, due to an economic crisis after the discovery in 2016 of $2 billion in government-backed loans made to three state-owned defense and security companies without parliamentary approval and notification to the IMF. The goal of USAIDs five-year coastal city adaptation program is to increase climate resiliency in select coastal cities. The urban centers and, more specifically, its coastal cities serve as the countrys economic hubs and drivers of development. Make a general inquiry or suggest an improvement. Malawi's topography consists of high, well-watered plateaus broken by large hills. )1.2% of GDP (2019 est.) Along with the government, ourprogram works with other donors, nongovernmental organizations and private investors in advancing a sound conservation sector that supports a nascent tourism industry and capitalizes on the biodiversity and natural resources of the country in a non-extractive way. Since the abolition of apartheid in South Africa in 1991, other job opportunities have opened to Mozambicans, including in the informal and manufacturing sectors, but mining remains their main source of employment. Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade leading up to 2015, one of Africa's strongest performances, but the sizable external debt burden, donor withdrawal, elevated inflation, and currency depreciation contributed to slower growth in 2016-17. Fax: 202.835.0245. ), Roman Catholic 27.2%, Muslim 18.9%, Zionist Christian 15.6%, Evangelical/Pentecostal 15.3%, Anglican 1.7%, other 4.8%, none 13.9%, unspecified 2.5% (2017 est.). )$1,300 (2018 est. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. The tourism sector is expanding. )exports: 10.771 billion kWh (2019 est. Two major International consortiums, led by American companies ExxonMobil and Anadarko, are seeking approval to develop massive natural gas deposits off the coast of Cabo Delgado province, in what has the potential to become the largest infrastructure project in Africa. 114. )39.983 (2014 est. Malawi's southern tip lies 130 miles inland from the sea. Email: embamoc@aol.com Website: www.embamoc-usa.org ), total subscriptions: 15,463,226 (2020 est. The PEI Mozambique programme focuses on building the capacity of government at national, provincial and district level to integrate environment into economic and social plans and support these aspects of the national development plans (PRSP). Description of main environmental regulations General framework Activities that, by their nature, location or size, are likely to have significant impact on the environment are subject to licensing and registration. ), general assessment: one of the first countries in the region to embark upon telecom reform and to open the sector to competition; the mobile segment in particular has shown strong growth; additional competition followed in late 2020; in the process, the structure of the market changed from having four operators to three; at the same time, a new licensing regime ensured that by mid-2019 all three operators had been provided with universal licenses, enabling them to offer all types of telephony and data services; mobile, fixed-line and broadband penetration rates remain far below the average for the region; in recent years the government has enforced the registration of SIM cards, but with varying success; at the end of 2016 almost five million unregistered SIM cards were deactivated but poor monitoring meant that the process was revisited in mid-2019 and again in late 2020; the high cost of international bandwidth had long hampered internet use, though the landing of two international submarine cables (SEACOM and EASSy) has reduced the cost of bandwidth and so led to drastic reductions in broadband retail prices as well as a significant jump in available bandwidth; there is some cross-platform competition, with DSL, cable, fibre, WiMAX, and mobile broadband options available, though fixed broadband options can be limited to urban areas; improvements can be expected from the ongoing rollout of a national fiber backbone networks and of upgrades to mobile infrastructure (2022)domestic: extremely low fixed-line teledensity contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; operators provide coverage that includes all the main cities and key roads; fixed-line less than 1 per 100 and nearly 49 per 100 mobile-cellular teledensity (2019)international: country code - 258; landing points for the EASSy and SEACOM/ Tata TGN-Eurasia fiber-optic submarine cable systems linking numerouseast Africancountries, the Middle East and Asia; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean); TdM contracts for Itelsat for satellite broadband and bulk haul services (2020)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019), total: 5,313,424 (2020 est. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. (approximately $170 million), information limited and varied; approximately 12,000 personnel (11,000 Army and about 1,000 Air Force and Navy) (2022), the FADM's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although since 2010 it has received limited quantities of more modern equipment from a variety of countries, mostly as aid/donations (2021), registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 2-year service obligation (2021), the Government of Mozambique is facing an insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and as of 2022, the fighting had left an estimated 4,000 dead and as many as 900,000 displaced; the FADM is widely assessed as lacking the training, equipment, and overall capabilities to address the insurgency; as of 2022, several countries from the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) and the European Union, as well as Rwanda and the US were providing various forms of military assistance; the SADC countries and Zambia have sent more than 3,000 military and security personnel, while the EU and the US have provided training assistance; the counterterrorism efforts of the Mozambique and allied African military and security forces have seen some success against the militants, but as of 2022 terrorist attacks had expanded into the neighboring provinces of Niassa and Nampula (2022), Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Mozambique (ISIS-M)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Mozambique-Malawi: the two countries have held exercises to reaffirm boundaries a number of times, Mozambique-South Africa: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration, refugees (country of origin): 10,968 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,491 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)IDPs: 946,508 (violence between the government and an opposition group, violence associated with extremists groups in 2018, political violence 2019) (2022), used by transnational organized crime networks from West and East Africa and South Asia as a transit point for drug trafficking and international money laundering; heroin from Southwest Asia, cocaine from South America, precursor chemicals and controlled pharmaceuticals from India, and methamphetamine from Nigeria transit destined for Southern Africa, Northern Africa, Europe, Canada, and the United States; cannabis is cultivated in Mozambique, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 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