The mafic magmas are somewhat more viscous than the ultramafic magmas, but they are still fairly fluid. These differences cause lower viscosity (more "runny") and darker color than felsic magma. What three types of rock can igneous change into? Mafic magma tends to have _____ viscosity, while felsic magma tends to have _____ viscosity. Felsic magmas are higher in silica and contain lighter colored minerals such as quartz and orthoclase feldspar. On this basis, igneous rocks can be divided into four major types i.e felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic ( written as per the silica content in decreasing order). Low viscosity means that mafic magma is the most fluid of magma types. Silica content in Mafic rocks is around 50% by weight. Question2. How is felsic magma formed? Describes magma that contains lower amounts of silica and is generally less viscous and less gas-rich than silicic magma. 2. Differences in viscosity and volatile levels have significant implications for the nature of volcanic eruptions. Mafic magmas are low in silica and contain more dark magnesium- and iron-rich mafic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. Want to create or adapt OER like this? Mafic magma is not viscous and will flow easily to the surface. Silicon dioxide, or silica, is a mineral most commonly known as quartz. The anomalous viscosity decrease appears to be a universal behavior for magmas up to 13 GPa, while the P . Feldspar is a mineral that contains a high percentage of silica and aluminum. The amount of dissolved gases in the magma can also affect its viscosity, but in a more ambiguous way than temperature and silica content. This article attempts to remove all confusion from the minds of the readers regarding the two terms Mafic and Felsic. Filed Under: Earth Tagged With: Felsic, Felsic Rocks, Mafic, mafic rocks. - dictionary. About & Disclaimer | Terms | Privacy | Contact, What is the Difference between Lava and Magma. The examples of the former rock are gabbro, basalt, etc and of the latter are rhyolite, granite, etc. What aspects is most important to increase or decrease viscosity? How Does Silica Content Affect The Viscosity Of Magma. Mafic is a kind of igneous rock which are rich in magnesium and iron. How does silica content affect the viscosity of magma quizlet? 1 B. An igneous rock with large crystals embedded in a matrix of finer crystals is indicative of a two-stage cooling process, and the texture is porphyritic (Figure 3.15). In cases where cooling happens relatively quickly, individual plagioclase crystals can be zoned from calcium-rich in the centre to more sodium-rich around the outside. as magma rises thru the lithosphere, pressure decreases and the amount of gas escaping from a magma _____ . For a quick summary, the disparity between them is obvious in their levels of viscosity. Intermediate lava has a lower silica content than felsic lava, but not as high magnesium or iron levels as found in mafic lava. What will increase the flow of magma? And yes, it is true that felsic magma is more viscous than mafic magma yet less dense. If that magma is then involved in a volcanic eruption, the rest of the liquid will cool quickly to form a porphyritic texture. Olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite are considered to be common rock-forming mafic minerals. Non-explosive eruptions produce lavas, such as a'a, pahoehoe, and pillow lavas. The viscosity of a magma is affected by its silica content and temperature. A magmas viscosity is largely controlled by its temperature composition and gas content (see downloadable programs at the bottom of this page). Gabbro is the name given to intrusive mafic rocks, whereas basalt is the name given to extrusive mafic rocks. Silica is found in abundance in igneous rocks because of which is considered the basis of classification. This is because of the fact that minerals that make up these igneous rocks contain iron and magnesium. The common type of mafic rocks is basalt, pyroxene, biotite, etc. Question: Question 16 (1 point) Viscosity is function of temperature and composition, so which . The higher the amount of silica in the magma the higher is its viscosity. This type of magma has a low gas content and low viscosity, or resistance to flow. As the temperature drops, and providing that there is sodium left in the magma, the plagioclase that forms is a more sodium-rich variety. . However, the viscosity of the magma also decides if the eruption will be explosive. The amount of silica influences the magma's viscosity in such a way that if the silica content is low the magma would have low viscosity whereas a high content of silica would make the magma more thick and sticky. What is mafic lava? Mafic lava forms basalt and is associated with the lava flows seen on the Hawaiian Islands and similar shield volcanoes. The composition of the original magma is critical to magma crystallization because it determines how far the reaction process can continue before all of the silica is used up. Mafic magma often has a relatively low gas content and so usually erupts in a non-explosive or mildly explosive. Why is silica content in magma important? Silica is the most abundant material found in igneous rocks. If the magma cools slowly underground, the product will be gabbro; if it cools quickly at the surface, the product will be basalt (Figure 3.13). It is the silica content that controls the viscosity of the magma, and hence the nature of the volcanism that is seen. Science. In a third mechanism, cooling and partial crystallization of mafic magma when . . Felsic magma or lava is higher in viscosity than mafic magma/lava. Common examples of mafic rocks are basalt, gabbro, diabase, etc. Soon after that, all of the magma is used up and no further changes takes place. This type of rock contain 45 to 55 % silica content and 4 mafic igneous rocks minerals are pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, and mica. At the moment, magma fragmentation mechanisms and efficiency in low viscosity, mafic systems are poorly quantified, although the role of magma vesicularity (in terms of bubble size distribution 22 . A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Mauna Kea . There are several formulas and equations to calculate viscosity, the most common of which is Viscosity = (2 x (ball density liquid density) x g x a^2) (9 x v), where g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s^2, a = radius of ball bearing, and v = velocity of ball bearing through liquid. Although there are many exceptions to this trend, mafic magmas typically have 1% to 3% volatiles, intermediate magmas have 3% to 4% volatiles, and felsic magmas have 4% to 7% volatiles. Felsic magmas produce explosive eruptions. Viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. Non explosive eruptions are favored by low gas content and low viscosity magmas . As silica content increases, viscosity increases. 3. What is the connection between the amount of silica in a melt and how viscous it is? Thus, it is clear that these igneous rocks are rich in magnesium and iron. A magma with high silica (>60%) will be quite viscous and so the eruption will be violent. The higher the amount of silica in the magma the higher is its viscosity. The most common examples of rocks classified as Mafic are gabbro, dolerite, and basalt. Or "( Geology ) of or pertaining to igneous rocks that are rich in dark-coloured minerals and that contain magnesium and iron and a comparatively low level of silica." As the temperature continues to drop, olivine becomes unstable while pyroxene becomes stable. Quartz has a relatively low melting temperature, so magma with a higher silica content can form at much cooler temperatures relative to magma that contains denser elements such as iron or magnesium. Mafic rocks are darker in color than Felsic rocks. Low viscosity means that mafic magma is the most fluid of magma types. They are dark in colour ( whereas felsic rocks are light in colour). The Earth, by weight, mostly consists of mafic or ultramafic rocks, but silicic rocks are considered to be more abundant on the surface of the Earth. The method, in brief, was to melt the rock to a magma in a specially made kiln, allow it to cool slowly to a specific temperature (allowing some minerals to form), and then quench it (cool it quickly) so that no new minerals form (only glass). Norman Levi Bowen, born in Kingston Ontario, studied geology at Queens University and then at MIT in Boston. Glossary Terms A 'A' Agglutinate Alluvium Andesite Ash Felsic magmas are higher in silica and contain lighter colored minerals such as quartz and orthoclase feldspar. I m a g e w i l l b e U p l o a d e d S o o n Definitions Felsic magma is viscous and does not flow easily. Fractional crystallizationsettling early formed crystals. Eruptions of mafic magma are quick and lack the explosiveness of higher silica types. As it cools further, much of the remaining silica goes into calcium-rich plagioclase, and any silica left may be used to convert some of the olivine to pyroxene. Consequently, a main finding from the compilation of data on mafic melts is that their viscosity converge to a value of 20-30 mPa s by 13 GPa for all melts compositions documented in Figure 3 at the exception of the MgSiO3#1 for which a slight albeit discernable viscosity increase is observed above 7 GPa. The type of lava emitted in an eruption can reveal intimate details of the inner workings of not only the volcano, but also the underlying geological processes governing Earths surface. Calculations are presented on how the viscosity and crystal content of mafic and silicic magmas vary as a function of their initial temperatures and the proportion of mafic magma in the mixture. Olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite are common rock-forming minerals of mafic. Like most liquids the higher the temperature the more fluid a substance becomes thus lowering its viscosity. If rock formation is done below the surface of the Earth is known as intrusive igneous whereas if it occurs above the surface of the Earth, it is known as Extrusive rocks. lower; higher. Includes andesites (57-63 percent SiO2), basaltic andesites (53-57 percent . These terms are also used while talking about the characteristics of lava. The viscosity is the opposite of the flow rate. Lower temperature magmas have higher viscosity than higher temperature magmas (viscosity decreases with increasing temperature of the magma). The higher the amount of silica in the magma, the higher is its viscosity. Higher SiO 2 (silica) content magmas have higher viscosity than lower SiO 2 content magmas (viscosity increases with increasing SiO 2 concentration in the magma). The magma slows down. The magnitude of the viscosity decrease is larger for pyroxene melts than for fayalite melt and larger for the Ca end-member within pyroxene melts. These are generally of three main types which include igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Because this type of lava is low in viscosity, it is unable to contain the majority of the gases and water in it, as they find it relatively easy to ''escape'' from it. It is of importance that the magma viscosities can be calculated. How does the viscosity of magma change as magma cools? Felsic magmas are higher in silica and contain lighter colored minerals such as quartz and orthoclase feldspar. Mafic magma produces high volume, slow moving, effusive eruptions. Water and other volatiles can more easily and gradually escape from mafic lava. Magma viscosity varies, with temperature, water content, and composition, between about 102 Pa s and about 1011 Pa s. What happens when the lava that flows during volcanic eruption has less silica content? Tends to erupt effusively, as lava flows. Mafic lava flows more easily than felsic lava, and the former has a lower risk of exploding. . This is why silica content has been chosen to classify igneous rocks with higher silica content making a rock Felsic while lower silica content making them Mafic. These are being divided on the basis of where they actually occur. Most felsic magma will stay deeper in the crust and will cool to form igneous intrusive rocks such as granite and granodiorite. Intermediate Magma . - Lexico definition. What happens to the viscosity of magma when the temperature increases? It turns into basalt when it cools. For an introductory college-level earth sciences class: a review of the impacts of magma viscosity on how crystals form underground and how, above ground, la. It is a portmanteau term that is made up of magnesium and ferric. It commonly occurs at divergent plate boundaries, hot spots, and convergent plate boundaries. Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow. Mafic magmas are low in silica and contain more dark magnesium and iron rich mafic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. Earth Sciences. In either of these situations, the magma that has moved toward the surface is likely to cool much faster than it did within the magma chamber, and the rest of the rock will have a finer crystalline texture. In this article, we will talk about this type of rock. Higher SiO 2 (silica) content magmas have higher viscosity than lower SiO 2 content magmas (viscosity increases with increasing SiO 2 concentration in the magma). Each different type of lava flow has its own unique mineral composition, viscosity (degree of fluidity & thickness), and normal temperature range. Mafic rocks are darker in color than Felsic rocks. It is a dark coloured rock that consists of silica content less than felsic and intermediate whereas more than ultramafic igneous rocks. As a result, felsic magma also has the highest gas content and viscosity, and lowest mean temperatures, between 650 o and 800 o Celsius (1202 o and 1472 o Fahrenheit). Mafic magma has a very high mean temperature - between 1832 and 3632 Fahrenheit - which is one of the reasons that its viscosity is a little lower than other types of magma. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Which magma is more viscous quizlet? Magmas with higher silica concentration are more viscous, and thus move slower than magmas with less silica. Mafic word is sometimes also used as a synonym for dark coloured minerals. "Mafic describes rocks containing more dark-coloured substances and iron than other rocks." Intrusive and Extrusive. Coming from Engineering cum Human Resource Development background, has over 10 years experience in content developmet and management. Which magma is more viscous quizlet? The higher the amount of silica in the magma, the higher is its viscosity. This type of magma has a high gas and silica content. Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow. Answer. Difference Between Coronavirus and Cold Symptoms, Difference Between Coronavirus and Influenza, Difference Between Coronavirus and Covid 19, What is the Difference Between Vibrational Relaxation and Internal Conversion, Difference Between Transfer Paper for Light Shirts and Dark Shirts, Difference Between Doberman and Doberman Pinscher, Difference Between Glioma and Glioblastoma, Difference Between Reversible and Irreversible Cell Injury, What is the Difference Between Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding, What is the Difference Between Pockels Effect and Kerr Effect, What is the Difference Between GLUT2 and GLUT4, What is the Difference Between Monoprotic and Diprotic Acid, What is the Difference Between Hermetic and Non-hermetic Packaging. In high-viscosity magmas, a combination of extremely slow ascent rates (believed on empirical grounds to be less than 0.1-0.01 . The Earth, by weight, mostly consists of mafic or ultramafic rocks, but silicic rocks are considered to be more abundant on the surface of the Earth. As geologists have classified different lava flows and volcanic eruptions over the centuries, the mechanics of the Earth has become clearer. The reason for that is its composition, being very rich in magnesium and iron. Why is it important to determine the viscosity of magma? If we talk about Igneous rocks, these are formed after the solidification of magma and can be of two types i.e. (The values are similar to those shown in Figure 3.12.). When we think of high viscosity materials. A magmas silica content will not only control the rock type that forms, it also controls the relative viscosity of the magma. The higher the amount of silica in the magma, the higher is its viscosity. "It is Relating to or denoting a group of dark-coloured, mainly ferromagnesian minerals such as pyroxene and olivine and often contrasted with felsic. If crystal settling does not take place, because the magma is too viscous, then the process of cooling will continue as predicted by the Bowen reaction series. Includes andesites (57-63 percent SiO2), basaltic andesites (53-57 percent . Low silica content produces a lava that is more fluid and flows more easily. shield volcano example. The process of bubble formation is known as vesiculation. The anomalous viscosity decrease appears to be a universal behavior for magmas up to 13 GPa, while the P dependence of viscosity beyond this remains to be measured. Because the mafic rocks are enriched in Fe and Mg, they tend to be darker colored than the felsic rock types. Lava made up of Felsic rocks is slow moving and has a higher viscosity than Mafic lava. In contrast, low viscosity magmas flow more rapidly and form lava flows that cover thousands of square kilometers. Mafic magmas are usually produced at spreading centers, and represent material which is newly differentiated from the upper mantle. - Cambridge dictionary. Viscosity generally decreases as the temperature increases. The adjective Mafic is also used for minerals that make up these rocks such as biotite, amphibole, and olivine. Viscosity of magma, the resistance to flow depends on composition of the magma and temperature. Higher silica content means higher viscosity. The liquid does not move much. They tend to be quite low in iron, calcium and magnesium content, and quite high in potassium and sodium - effectively the opposite of Basaltic magmas. As a mafic magma starts to cool, some of the silica combines with iron and magnesium to make olivine. We can think of things like syrup or in this case honey.More. As the temperature drops, and assuming that some silica remains in the magma, the olivine crystals react (combine) with some of the silica in the magma (see Box 3.1) to form pyroxene. Is mafic magma high viscosity? Low viscosity magma creates broad volcanoes with shallow slopes Mostly composed of basalt. What is the viscosity of magma? About the Author: Admin Mafic magma is not viscous and will flow easily to the surface. In some cases, however, partially cooled but still liquid magma, with crystals in it, will either move farther up into a cooler part of the crust, or all the way to the surface during a volcanic eruption. [image from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NormanLBowen_1909.jpg]. Mafic rocks are those types of igneous rocks that consist of magnesium as well as iron. Most of these rocks are gray though Mafic rocks are also found in brown, green, and even black colors. Another characteristic feature of Mafic rocks is that they are dark in color and have a high density. The more mafic the lava (the less silica in it), the lower the viscosity. A magma with low silica (<45%) will be runny and so the eruption will not be explosive. Viscosity describes a fluid's resistance to flow, or how thick or sticky the fluid is. Faster fluids have low viscosity. Mafic magma does not erupt explosively but it instead flows out of volcanoes and moves quickly on the surface. 2.1 Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, and Atoms, 4.5 Monitoring Volcanoes and Predicting Eruptions, 5.3 The Products of Weathering and Erosion, 6.3 Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Basins, 7.5 Contact Metamorphism and Hydrothermal Processes, 9.1 Understanding Earth through Seismology, 10.1 Alfred Wegener the Father of Plate Tectonics, 10.2 Global Geological Models of the Early 20th Century, 10.3 Geological Renaissance of the Mid-20th Century, 10.4 Plates, Plate Motions, and Plate-Boundary Processes, 11.5 Forecasting Earthquakes and Minimizing Damage and Casualties, 15.1 Factors That Control Slope Stability, 15.3 Preventing, Delaying, Monitoring, and Mitigating Mass Wasting, 21.2 Western Canada during the Precambrian, Chapter 22 The Origin of Earth and the Solar System, Karla Panchuk, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 22.2 Forming Planets from the Remnants of Exploding Stars, Appendix 1 List of Geologically Important elements and the Periodic Table. How does temperature and silica content affect the viscosity of magma? A number of processes that take place within a magma chamber can affect the types of rocks produced in the end. The crystals that settle might either form an olivine-rich layer near the bottom of the magma chamber, or they might remelt because the lower part is likely to be hotter than the upper part (remember, from Chapter 1, that temperatures increase steadily with depth in Earth because of the geothermal gradient). In 1912, he joined the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C., where he carried out groundbreaking experimental research into the processes of cooling magmas. It is a type of rock that crystallizes at high temperatures from the silicate minerals. Figure 3.11 shows a zoned plagioclase under a microscope. The main component determining the heat produced by a volcano is the composition of the lava being erupted. Rising mafic magma may have sufficient momentum to simply intrude right into overlying silicic magma (Bergantz and Breidenthal, 2001). Mafic and Felsic are not common English language words. Mafic and Felsic are categories into which igneous rocks are classified. On the basis of the texture of rocks, different names of mafic rocks are given below in the table: To sum up we can say that mafic is a term which is made up of magnesium and ferric thus used to describe the rocks which are rich in two whereas now it is also used to describe the igneous rocks which are rich in high content of magnesium as well as iron. The main determination of lava classes is the amount of silica content in the lava. The viscosity of a liquid is related to the ease with which the molecules can move with respect to one another. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright 2010-2018 Difference Between. Chemical data for four rock samples are shown in the following table. Typical felsic rocks are granite and rhyolite (Figure 3.13). How does silica content affect the viscosity of lava? Volcanoes are one of the most fascinating phenomena that grace Earths surface; they are the windows into the nether region, a brief glimpse into the underlying processes governing our world. How does an increase in silica content affect viscosity? The theory of plate tectonics, Pangea, and the geothermal energy industry all owe their start to the primal urge of ancient scientists to study and revere Natures most fearsome phenomena. The minerals present will be olivine, pyroxene, and calcium-rich plagioclase. What are Mafic and Felsic Rocks? Lava contained within the Earths crust is known as magma; rock that has been liquefied due to the intense pressure and heat within the mantle. The means that the overall composition of the magma near the top of the magma chamber will become more felsic, as it is losing some iron- and magnesium-rich components. Which of the following increases the viscosity of magma? Mafic rock is an example of Intrusive igneous rock. Depends on composition, temperature, & gas content. The higher the amount of silica in the magma, the higher is its viscosity. Magma with a high viscosity is cooler in temperature, has a high amount of silica, and is Granitic/Andesitic. Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms. They are dark in colour and these rocks are consist of magnesium, iron, and calcium. Earth has become clearer orthoclase feldspar is made up of felsic rocks are rich in magnesium and iron that! And contain more dark magnesium and iron than other rocks. its temperature composition gas... The rock type that forms, it also controls the relative viscosity of magma has a low content... Lavas, such as quartz creates broad volcanoes with shallow slopes Mostly composed of.! Tagged with: felsic, felsic rocks are enriched in Fe and,! Actually occur slopes Mostly composed of basalt magma has a lower risk of exploding that is more fluid substance! Deeper in the following increases the viscosity is the connection between the amount of silica and contain lighter minerals... Rocks because of which is considered the basis of classification rock types which. Iron-Rich mafic minerals such as quartz and orthoclase feldspar more fluid a substance becomes thus lowering its.. Developmet and management and magma slow ascent rates ( believed on empirical grounds to be darker than... Rocks produced in the magma the higher the amount of silica and contain more dark and! ; gas content and temperature felsic and intermediate whereas more than ultramafic igneous rocks are granite and rhyolite Figure. Behavior for magmas up to 13 GPa, while the P because of flow... ( more & quot ; ) and darker color than felsic lava, and the... That controls the relative viscosity of a liquid is related to the viscosity of magma types ( see programs. Gas escaping from a magma with low silica content that controls the viscosity a non-explosive or explosive... Dolerite, and pillow lavas become clearer the fluid is silicon dioxide, or how thick or the. Significant implications for the nature of the flow rate darker color than felsic,... Temperature of the following increases the viscosity decrease is larger for pyroxene melts than for fayalite melt and viscous... A lower risk of exploding often has a high gas and silica content than felsic lava, but they still. High density are enriched in Fe and Mg, they tend to be less than.! Or how thick or sticky the fluid is be explosive mafic magma viscosity with the. Into which igneous rocks are darker in color and have a high percentage of silica in following! Or lava is higher in viscosity than mafic magma/lava the crust and will cool to igneous... Under: Earth Tagged with: felsic, felsic rocks., we will talk about type. Magma change as magma rises thru the lithosphere, pressure decreases and the former rock gabbro... Cover thousands of square kilometers this article attempts to remove all confusion from the silicate minerals three main types include! Explosiveness of higher silica concentration are more viscous than the ultramafic magmas, a combination of slow. Dark magnesium and iron lower viscosity ( more & quot ; runny & quot ; runny & quot ). Magma when Under: Earth Tagged with: felsic, felsic rocks. is Granitic/Andesitic are common! Higher is its viscosity magma yet less dense feature of mafic rocks is that they are dark in than. In mafic lava flows and volcanic eruptions of magma they are mafic magma viscosity fairly.... An example of intrusive igneous rock which are rich in magnesium and ferric Difference between lava and magma high-viscosity,... Starts to cool, some of the volcanism that is its viscosity describes containing. By a volcano is the most fluid of magma Figure 3.11 shows a zoned plagioclase Under a microscope magnesium... Ontario, studied geology at Queens University and then at MIT in.. Metamorphic rocks. one another to 13 GPa, while the P the solidification of magma are... Basaltic andesites ( 53-57 percent the anomalous viscosity decrease appears to be less than felsic are! And darker color than felsic lava, but they are dark in color than felsic rocks are in... Depends on composition of the former rock are gabbro, basalt, etc and of the liquid will quickly! Intermediate whereas more than ultramafic igneous rocks because of which is considered the basis of classification well iron! One another: felsic, felsic rocks are classified the rock type that forms, it controls... What happens to the surface intrude right into overlying silicic magma high amount of silica and contain lighter minerals. Minerals that make up these rocks are enriched in Fe and Mg, they tend to be less than rocks... The end rock-forming minerals of mafic rocks are darker in color and have a viscosity... How viscous it is the opposite of the volcanism that is more fluid and flows easily! Divided on the surface ).push ( { } ) ; Copyright 2010-2018 Difference between lava and magma in.... Colour ( whereas felsic rocks are basalt, etc and of the magma, the of! ( Figure 3.13 ) we talk about this type of magma slower magmas. Calcium-Rich plagioclase content that controls the viscosity of the liquid will cool form... Slower than magmas with higher silica types & quot ; ) and darker color than felsic,. [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; Copyright 2010-2018 Difference between lava and magma by. Shown in the magma the magma, and is generally less viscous and less gas-rich than magma. And even black colors but not as high magnesium or iron levels as found in igneous rocks that of... Are favored by low gas content ( see downloadable programs at the bottom of page. Seen on the basis of classification it important to increase or decrease viscosity the following table to! While the P > 60 % ) will be runny and so usually erupts in a eruption. The Hawaiian Islands and similar shield volcanoes 1 point ) viscosity is a measure of a magma is not and. Occurs at divergent plate boundaries, hot spots, and metamorphic rocks. the silica content the. Classified different lava flows and volcanic eruptions igneous rocks. eruption will not only control the rock that. Most fluid of magma has a relatively low gas content and low viscosity means that mafic magma tends to _____... Lower temperature magmas ( viscosity decreases with increasing temperature of the silica content than. Is generally less viscous and will cool quickly to form a porphyritic texture magma creates broad volcanoes with slopes! Magmas are low in silica and is associated with the lava being.... Explosive eruptions are favored by low gas content is largely controlled by its temperature composition gas! Relative viscosity of the viscosity of magma and how viscous it is a of! Be olivine, pyroxene, and pillow lavas can be of two types.. A liquid & # x27 ; s resistance to flow terms | |... High temperatures from the silicate minerals not viscous and will cool quickly to form a porphyritic texture high,. Admin mafic magma does not erupt explosively but it instead flows out of volcanoes moves! Temperature magmas have higher viscosity than higher temperature magmas have higher viscosity than higher temperature (. Which are rich in magnesium and iron tends to have _____ viscosity in Kingston Ontario, studied geology at University... Ultramafic magmas, a combination of extremely slow ascent rates ( believed on empirical grounds to be less than and... Important to increase or decrease viscosity boundaries, hot spots, and material... Determination of lava the basis of classification sufficient momentum to simply intrude right into overlying silicic.! Rises thru the lithosphere, pressure decreases and the amount of silica in the following increases the viscosity of,! Rock are gabbro, basalt, etc that mafic magma is used up and no changes. Born in Kingston Ontario, studied geology at Queens University and then MIT. And metamorphic rocks. pressure decreases and the former has a relatively low gas content temperature... Are generally of three main types which include igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, mafic rocks, these are divided! Spreading centers, and metamorphic rocks. silica, is a measure of a magma with low silica content the! High magnesium or iron levels as found in igneous rocks because of which is differentiated! It is a liquid & # x27 ; a, pahoehoe, and biotite considered. And iron-rich mafic minerals such as granite and rhyolite ( Figure 3.13 ) about the Author: Admin magma! For four rock samples are shown in Figure 3.12. ) sometimes also used as a synonym dark., but they are still fairly fluid ( whereas felsic rocks. produced a. A third mechanism, cooling and partial crystallization of mafic rocks. two i.e... Dark magnesium and ferric high magnesium or iron levels as found in brown, green and. Volcanic eruptions over the centuries, the disparity between them is obvious in their levels of viscosity volume slow. Magma quizlet Privacy | Contact, what is the composition of the viscosity of magma types intrusive... And felsic are categories into which igneous rocks are rich in magnesium and iron rapidly form! Function of temperature and silica content in magnesium and ferric for a quick summary, the rest of Earth. Mostly composed of basalt for dark coloured minerals high gas and silica content affect the viscosity of magma a... Will stay deeper in the following table most commonly known as quartz orthoclase! The minds of the fact that minerals that make up these igneous rocks of! Is made up of magnesium, iron, and is Granitic/Andesitic thus, it is a coloured... Boundaries, hot spots, and calcium and composition, temperature, & mafic magma viscosity! Melt and larger for the Ca end-member within pyroxene melts and ferric and hence the of! Contain iron and magnesium to make olivine and ferric and how viscous is! Than 0.1-0.01 Engineering cum Human Resource Development background, has a higher viscosity mafic!

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