2 Al-Andalus", "A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. This transition involved the enactment of the Spanish constitution in 1978. What four territories did Spain control? [175], German companies poured 4.8 billion into Spain in 2015, making the country the second-largest destination for German foreign direct investment behind only the U.S. Most of the provinceswith the exceptions of lava, Asturias, Biscay, Cantabria, Gipuzkoa, the Balearic Islands, La Rioja, and Navarreare named after their principal town. [citation needed]. There are no states in Spain. It is home to some of the countrys finest Cathedrals in Segovia, Burgos and Len and is the birthplace of Saint Teresa de Avila.Provinces: Lon, Palencia, Burgos, Zamora, Valladolid, Segovia, Soria, Salamanca, Avila. This continued until the late 1970s when Spain transitioned back to a democratic state. It was followed by the conquest of powerful pre-Columbian polities in Central Mexico and the Pacific Coast of South America. These take place every five years. La etimologa de Espaa; tierra de conejos?, sfn error: no target: CITEREFNaimark2017 (, Reviving the Reconquista in Southeast Asia: Moros and the Making of the Philippines, 15651662 By: Ethan P. Hawkley. The names of the provinces and their capitals are ordered alphabetically according to the form in which they appear in the main Wikipedia articles describing them. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [citation needed] [294], Distinct exploitation genres that flourished in the second half of the 20th century include the Fantaterror[es], the cine quinqui and the so-called destape[es] films. 1 parte: entorno fsico y medio ambiente", "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income EU-SILC survey", "Spain | Facts, Culture, History, & Points of Interest", "572 millones de personas hablan espaol, cinco millones ms que hace un ao, y aumentarn a 754 millones a mediados de siglo", "Number of the Week: $10.2 Trillion in Global Borrowing", "Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - Spain", "Bloomberg - Healthcare efficiency scores in 56 countries", "How Spain became the world leader in organ transplants", "Global leader Spain carries out its 100,000th transplant", "Rabbits, fish and mice, but no rock hyrax", "A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. a government council, with executive and administrative functions headed by a president, elected by the Legislative Assembly and nominated by the King of Spain; a supreme court, under the supreme court of Spain, which heads the judiciary in the autonomous community. Two big revolts broke out during the early reign of the Habsburg emperor, Charles V: the Revolt of the Comuneros in the Crown of Castile and Revolt of the Brotherhoods in the Crown of Aragon. At 505,992km2 (195,365sqmi), Spain is the world's fifty-second largest country and Europe's fourth largest country. Businesses in Spains many resort regions have also suffered severely from the lack of tourism from other European countries. Others have been in the country for several generations. While the fallout from the pandemic remains to be seen, the relative volatility in Spanish politics over the last decade or so is likely to impact the countrys political landscape even further. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We are largest Know-How Listing website, total [total_posts] questions already asked and get answers instantly! The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 4.23/10, ranking it 130th globally out of 172 countries. #Linch, John (director), Fernndez Castro, Mara Cruz (del segundo tomo), Historia de Espaa, El Pas, volumen II, La pennsula Ibrica en poca prerromana, p. 40. When moving to a country as exciting as Spain, there can be a lot to get your head around. Spain also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean and a number of uninhabited islands on the Mediterranean side of the Strait of Gibraltar, known as plazas de soberana ("places of sovereignty", or territories under Spanish sovereignty), such as the Chafarinas Islands and Alhucemas. The health care system of Spain (Spanish National Health System) is considered one of the best in the world, in 7th position in the ranking elaborated by the World Health Organization. The legal situation concerning Gibraltar was settled in 1713 by the Treaty of Utrecht, in which Spain ceded the territory in perpetuity to the British Crown[133] stating that, should the British abandon this post, it would be offered to Spain first. They included the humid regions of the north and the northwest, as well as vast arid zones that had not been irrigated. It ranked as the 5th top governmental scientific institution worldwide (and 32nd overall) in the 2018 SCImago Institutions Rankings. French troops entered the country to invade Portugal but instead occupied Spain's major fortresses. The Meseta Central (often translated as 'Inner Plateau') is a vast plateau in the heart of peninsular Spain split in two by the Sistema Central. Chapter 5: Ethnic Relations, "A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. These three branches of government act as follows: Under the national branches of government, Spains regions, or autonomous communities (ComunidadesAutnomas) are also organized along these lines. Spain has one of the longest life expectancies in the world at 83.5 years in 2019. [33], The cultures of the pre-Roman populations were gradually Romanised (Latinised) at different rates depending on what part of the peninsula they lived in, with local leaders being admitted into the Roman aristocratic class. More pro-independence demonstrations followed along with a further referendum in October 2017. Sisebut and Suintila completed the expulsion of the Byzantines from Spain. Guipzcoa. The Romanised cultures of the Iberian Peninsula interacted with Muslim and Jewish cultures in complex ways, giving the region a distinctive culture. Precious metals, spices, luxuries, and previously unknown plants brought to the metropole played a leading part in transforming the European understanding of the globe. After the return of democracy following the death of Franco in 1975, Spain's foreign policy priorities were to break out of the diplomatic isolation of the Franco years and expand diplomatic relations, enter the European Community, and define security relations with the West. Historically, Sephardi Jews and Moriscos are the main minority groups originating in Spain and with a contribution to Spanish culture. [174], The automotive industry is one of the largest employers in the country. Sanchezs PSOE party received the most votes in both of these elections. Besides the Perejil Island, the Spanish-held territories claimed by other countries are two: Morocco claims the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the plazas de soberana islets off the northern coast of Africa. The communities of Asturias, Cantabria, La Rioja, the Balearic Islands, Madrid, Murcia and Navarre are the only communities that comprise a single province, which is coextensive with the community itself. King Juan Carlos took personal command of the military and successfully ordered the coup plotters, via national television, to surrender.[96]. It has been marked on the map by a yellow triangle. Portugal does not recognise Spain's sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza which was annexed by Spain in 1801 after the War of the Oranges. Longitude. Eibar. [248] In 2014, the LOE was partially modified by the newer and controversial LOMCE law (Ley Orgnica para la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa), or Fundamental Law for the Improvement of the Education System, commonly called Ley Wert (Wert Law). -13.53783283. The little Pheasant Island in the River Bidasoa is a Spanish-French condominium. Mainland Spain is a rather mountainous landmass, dominated by high plateaus and mountain chains. Although Catholics constitute the vast majority of the population, 61% of these self-identified Catholics report that they do not attend mass very often. Galicia. Several cities were founded along the coast by Phoenicians, and trading outposts and colonies were established by Greeks in the East. This saw the then-leader Albert Rivera resign from his post and retire from politics with immediate effect. Some cities have tolerance zones, which act as red-light districts and enable regulated prostitution. Having conquered these, they turned their arms against the Byzantines, who treacherously slew their leaders; but for this treachery, the Spaniards, under Bernard of Rocafort and Berenguer of Entenca, exacted the terrible penalty celebrated in history as "The Catalan Vengeance" and seized the Frankish Duchy of Athens (1311). However, general elections can take place before the end of the four-year term if the Prime Minister calls an early election; as Sanchez did in 2019. [57], In 1469, the crowns of the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were united by the marriage of their monarchs, Isabella I and Ferdinand II, respectively. General elections in Spain see the public directly elect members for both houses of the Spanish parliament: the Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados) and the Senate (Senado). Unemployment stood at 17.1% in June 2017,[161] below Spain's early 1990s unemployment rate of at over 20%. The importance of the provinces has declined since the adoption of the system of autonomous communities in the period of the Spanish transition to democracy. Although the period around the turn of the century was one of increasing prosperity, the 20th century brought little social peace; Spain played a minor part in the scramble for Africa, with the colonisation of Western Sahara, Spanish Morocco and Spanish Guinea. Catalanism and Vasquism, alongside other nationalisms and regionalisms in Spain, arose in that period, being the Basque Nationalist Party formed in 1895 and Regionalist League of Catalonia in 1901. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In most of these communities, elections take place on the last Sunday of May, along with local municipal elections. Their ranks have since been bolstered by recent immigration, especially from Morocco and Algeria. There are 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities that are collectively known as autonomies. The immigrants originate mainly in Latin America (39%), North Africa (16%), Eastern Europe (15%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (4%).[211]. As observed on the physical map of Spain, the terrain of the land is highly undulating. Geography of Spain; Demographics of Spain; References This page was last edited on 9 April 2022, at 20:33 (UTC). Spain and the United States are close allies and have excellent relations based on shared democratic values, The country of Spain is divided into 50 provinces. Three main climatic zones can be separated, according to geographical situation and orographic conditions:[118][119][120]. [63] From 1609 to 1614, over 300,000 Moriscos were sent on ships to North Africa and other locations, and, of this figure, around 50,000 died resisting the expulsion, and 60,000 died on the journey. However, as we move ever further into the 21st-century, events of the last hundred years continue to resonate in Spanish politics and wider society. Spain has 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities. Roman law and its institutions were the model for the legislators. Below is an overview of both houses: Universal suffrage was originally granted during Spains Second Republic (1931-6) when women were finally given the right to vote. Spain is made up of 17 autonomous regions known in Spain as Comunidades Autnomas. Other communities have more limited forces or none at all, like the Polica Autnoma Andaluza[159] in Andalusia or the BESCAM in Madrid. The incident ended when both countries agreed to return to the status quo ante which existed prior to the Moroccan occupation of the island. To avoid charges, Carles Puidgemont, the Catalan president at the time of the declaration of independence, fled the country. Madrid is home to many beautiful buildings and parks. Nuclear power generated another 19%, and wind and hydro about 12% each. This changed in 1955, during the Cold War period, when it became strategically important for the US to establish a military presence on the Iberian Peninsula as a counter to any possible move by the Soviet Union into the Mediterranean basin. After the first projection of a cinematographer in Spain by 1896, cinema developed in the following years, with Barcelona becoming the largest production hub in the country (as well as a major European hub) on the eve of the World War I. Spain Growth Rate Spain Population 2022 (Live) Show Source Spain Population Clock Net decrease of 1 person every 76 minutes Roman Catholicism, which has a long history in Spain, remains the dominant religion. [283] Rarely used before in a written medium, the true fostering of the literary use of the Basque language had to wait until the 1960s, even if some interest towards the language had developed in the late 19th century.[284]. The above blank outline map is of the European country of Spain. The 18th century saw a gradual recovery and an increase in prosperity through much of the empire. [267], A study made by the Union of Islamic Communities of Spain demonstrated that there were more than 2,100,000 inhabitants of Muslim background living in Spain as of 2019[update], accounting for 45% of the total population of Spain. [153] The autonomous communities were to comprise adjacent provinces with common historical, cultural, and economic traits. La RiojaThere are more than 500 wine bodegas in the region of La Rioja many of which offer guided tours and tastings. [83], Further military action by Spanish armies, guerrilla warfare and an Anglo-Portuguese allied army, combined with Napoleon's failure on the Russian front, led to the retreat of French imperial armies from the Iberian Peninsula in 1814, and the return of King Ferdinand VII.[84]. The airport of Barcelona (El Prat) is also important, with 35million passengers in 2011, being the world's 31st-busiest airport. The concept of a comarca exists in all autonomous communities, however, unlike Catalonia, these are merely historical or geographical subdivisions. [258] The total health spending is 9.4% of the GDP, slightly above the average of 9.3% of the OECD. The main destinations of interest to visitors outside the capital include El Escorial, Alcala de Henares and Aranjuez.Provinces: Single Province Region. Irun. Here is a brief overview of the main political parties in Spain: Pedro Snchez, Secretary-General of the progressive PSOE party, has been Prime Minister since 2018. [129], Spain is a constitutional monarchy, with a hereditary monarch and a bicameral parliament, the Cortes Generales (English: Spanish Parliament, lit. Following the establishment of regional parliaments, Catalan nationalist parties have typically performed well in regional elections. [17] It ranks particularly high in healthcare quality,[18] with its healthcare system considered to be one of the most efficient worldwide. Since the 1990s some Spanish companies have gained multinational status, often expanding their activities in culturally close Latin America. As of July 2021, the current head of state is Felipe VI. Spain is about 1.3 times smaller than Texas. Unless otherwise indicated, their Spanish-language names are the same; locally valid names in Spain's other co-official languages (Basque, Catalan, which is officially called Valencian in the Valencian Community, Galician) are also indicated where they differ. The 2008 Global Financial Crisis hit the Spanish economy hard. Miscegenation was the rule between the native and the Spanish cultures and people. Logroo is the only town of any size which has one of the countrys best tapas crawls. Whilst the regions capital, Zaragoza, is well worth a visit its the stunning natural beauty of the Aragonese Pyrenees and its historic villages which shouldnt be missed. The Spanish Prime Minister: who holds power in Spain. Poblacin (espaoles/extranjeros) por Pas de Nacimiento, sexo y ao", "Anuario estadstico de Espaa 2008. General elections take place on Sundays, and local elections often take place on the same day as regional and national votes. [72] The cultural efflorescence witnessed during this period is now referred to as the Spanish Golden Age. [170] In 2013 the same survey (now called the "Where-to-be-born index"), ranked Spain 28th in the world. It is in the Iberian Peninsula. Vitoria-Gasteiz. The Spanish State is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities, both groups being the highest or first-order administrative division in the country. After the birth rate plunged in the 1980s and Spain's population growth rate dropped, the population again trended upward initially upon the return of many Spaniards who had emigrated to other European countries during the 1970s, and more recently, fuelled by large numbers of immigrants who make up 12% of the population. Heracles later renounced his throne in preference for his native Greece, leaving his kingdom to his nephew, Espan, from whom the country of Espaa (Spain) took its name. The country veered between different political regimes; monarchy and republic, and following a 193639 devastating civil war, a fascist dictatorship that lasted until 1975. AsturiasAsturias is possibly the most beautiful of all of Spains 17 autonomous communities. While the Rock and city were ceded by the Treaty of Utrecht, Spain asserts that the "occupation of the isthmus is illegal and against the principles of International Law". The unification of the crowns of Aragon and Castile by the marriage of their sovereigns laid the basis for modern Spain and the Spanish Empire, although each kingdom of Spain remained a separate country socially, politically, legally, and in currency and language.[69][70]. [210], Native Spaniards make up 88% of the total population of Spain. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike [46] Around this time the universities of Palencia (1212/1263) and Salamanca (1218/1254) were established. In the following summary of each comunidad weve listed which province belongs to which community. cog.nuevayork@maec.es (+1) 212 644 3751 (+1) 212 355 4080/81/82/85/90. Spain has been described as a de facto plurinational state. The Portuguese stance is that the territory is de iure Portuguese territory and de facto Spanish. The movement for Catalan independence has a long history; dating back to the founding of the first pro-independence party, Estat Catal(Catalan State), in 1922. It 130th globally out of 172 countries at 17.1 % in June 2017, [ 161 ] below Spain early! 'S fifty-second largest country '' ), ranked Spain 28th in the country to invade Portugal but occupied... 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