The increased production and efficiency of factories led to the development of large corporations that often controlled entire industries. The Industrial Revolution was a major change for society. Populations were beginning to gravitate towards large urban areas, such as New York and Philadelphia, and the economy was becoming more industrial-based. The Second Agricultural Revolution, or the British Agricultural Revolution, began around 300 years ago during the 18th century. A lady who just remain at home don 't have much opportunities to associate with others and consequently they would be candidly unbalance. They did this to produce the everyday goods that people wanted and needed, a lot less time consuming and less work. The miners went on strike because their pay roll were not that good or not that high for live life perfectly. But it also had other impacts, such as improving . The second industrial revolution was a time of rapid growth for the transportation industry. Finally, Congress gives the U.S. permission to have, The problems that farmers had with this was a decrease in commodity prices due to overproduction and growing international competition for world markets. However, the invention of the telephone in 1876 marked a major turning point, and the industry rapidly developed over the next few decades. The girls said they worked long hours in a candy factory and couldnt stand the sight or smell of it. The Industrial Revolution continued and the second one of them began in the late nineteenth century and continued until World War I and it is generally dated between 1870 and 1914. Natural resources helped industries while inventors created objects that would improve the life of people such as the lightbulb. The main causes of the second industrial revolution were due to: natural resources, abundant labor supply, strong government policy, new sources of power, railroads and American inventors and inventions. places such as Germany, Japan, and Russia. Gatling Gun: Richard Gatling, an American inventor invented the Gatling Gun in 1862. In document In document one it is referring to the depopulation of America due to the great dying which killed approximately 21 million people. The Industrial Revolution. The cause of natural resources consisted of coal, oil, iron and ore[2]. -there was a high demand for workers but few workers. How did the Second Industrial Revolution change the way people lived and worked? During this era, the nation underwent fast economic growth and there were several reason that led to this. Steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum were. The Bessemer process, for example, allowed for mass production of steel for the first time. Factories produced sewing machines for home use, steel girders for skyscrapers and railroad tracks that cut through the plains and mountains. The only reason why the U.S. didnt build their own railroads was because of the slavery issue. The factors that led the three groups for the strike were different in every situation. Workers were able to protest big businesses by refusing to work, creating unrest in American society over the rights and treatment of workers. The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the "Technological Revolution," was a phase of rapid industrialization in the final third of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. Why or why not. Source: Wikipedia. For example, the telephone and the light bulb changed the way that people communicated and worked. Everything the miners and their families needed could be purchased from the company, but unfortunately, under this system the living conditions were horrible and wages were low. 6) Scientific Revolution There is a conflict among historians regarding the period of the Scientific Revolution. Industry revolutionized America because it helped inventors create technologies and inventions which will affect farmers, industrial workers, and women. Even though other forms of energy were emerging, the use of coal as a fuel source during this period was still very high and also contributed to air pollution. This was the time when Henry Ford had the idea of mass production. Economic causes of the second industrial revolution Natural resources, abundant labour supply, strong government policy, new sources of power, railroads and American inventors and inventions. Let us discuss the main causes of Industrial Revolution. How did the Second Industrial Revolution differ from the first Industrial Revolution? With his emphasis on vertical integration of parts and assembly line manufacturing, Henry Ford was its king. Causes of the Industrial Revolution The proletariat is a large social sector with few economic resources. The early years were dominated by a race to build long-distance networks, with dozens of companies laying thousands of miles of wire across the country. These inventions caused the economy to increase rapidly. Due to industrialization many women were able to leave their homes and work independently. Almost a century after the First Industrial Revolution began, the innovation of the time was finally beginning to slow down. The Second Industrial Revolution was as period of tremendous economic, industrial, and technological advancement taking place between the end of the American Civil War and the start of World War I. Introduction. In the Industrial revolution children had to work alongside with their parents mostly on farms for generations. One, a textbook, offers an insight to the origin of socialism and Karl Marx, speaks of the French Revolution as well as the Industrial Revolution, and also informs readers of the effects of socialism. The new organization was led by Samuel Gompers, a cigar maker that helped to form the union. The Industrial Revolutions began in the 1800s it made producing goods like cloth faster and cheaper with the invention of machines. This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world. The Second Industrial Revolution also saw the rise of large-scale businesses and conglomerates. The second Industrial Revolution was responsible for evoking great change in the United States of America. -the first major industries in America started in processing agricultural goods and in making machinery for farming. The nation had and wealth of natural resources, an increasing market for factory-made goods, growing labor, and the availability of . Great swaths of land that had once whispered grass now screamed corn and wheat.". Railroad lines expanded from 35,000 miles in 1865 to 254,000 miles in 1916. Additionally, the development of the railways depended heavily on steel production. 2. This meant almost all people worked mostly on the farms including younger children, who would have their jobs chosen by their parents. What is Second Industrial Revolution? All of these new technologies led to a significant increase in mass production and a decrease in costs. Universal History Archive/UIG/Getty Images. But understanding this war involves recognizing some realities that the intellectual left finds uncomfortable: NATO is not the aggressor, Russia is; Ukrainians are driven by a form of nationalism; and there is . The Coca-Cola Company is one of the most successful businesses in the world. America had become "the world's first industrial super-state. How does source 7 express one of the obstacles to democracy in developing nations? There were huge advances in agricultural technology during the second industrial revolution that led to a dramatic increase in food production. Lorraine Boissoneault stated that union supporters were fired, beaten, arrested, and subjected to a campaign of terror. The sharp consciousness of stern economic conditions was thus thrust upon us in the midst of the season of good will.. American Inventors and Inventions. It not only brought effective and efficient way of transporting, but also influenced and shaped people's life, almost every aspect in people's daily life. Each of these inventions had a major impact on society and changed the world forever. *second industrial revolution was the outburst of "steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum." *The effect of European economic and social life was that living conditions got extremely better, Germany emerged on top with mass production. spinning jenny Photos.com/Getty Images Before that time making cloth was a slow process. The U.S Steel Corporation was the largest player in the steel industry in the world for much of the 20th century. 'A lot of farmers suffered severe economic hardships during the 1880 's ' ' (Takaki 231), that caused a lot of the famers to unable to pay their taxes. Does staying at home combat the spread of coronavirus, but doom people around the world to early death at the hands of economic collapse? The introduction of new weapons, such as machine guns and tanks, changed the face of battle forever. This Second Industrial Revolution will lead to new technologies and new inventions. Then innovations in production line technology, materials science and industrial toolmaking made it easier to mass produce all kinds of goods that remade the American family and physical landscape. Eli Whitney (interchangeable parts). 2022 A&E Television Networks, LLC. The Second Industrial Revolution faced a number of challenges. Your welcome. With the creation of the firsthigh resistance, incandescent electric light by Thomas Edison in 1879, the way was paved for the huge expansion of the manufacturing technology that would take place over the next few decades. The second stage of the Industrial Revolution spread through several countries and resulted in the emergence . If a Western Rip Van Winkle had fallen asleep in 1869 and awakened in 1896, he would not have recognized the lands that the railroads had touched, White writes. This globalization would lay the groundwork for the future development of the world economy. Both of these resources are packed full of information that will, short Statement defining the industrial revolution the most important. The Second Industrial Revolution thus had a profound impact on the way that cities looked and functioned. Even though the electricity was introduced during the first industrial revolution, it was not widely used until the second. Farmers were stuck in a bad economic cycle. These new energy sources helped to power the factories and machines of the second industrial revolution, making it one of the most important periods in the history of energy. Moreover, the railroads were being taken advantage of farmers by charging excessive prices for shipping and storage. The First Industrial Revolution was a process that began in Britain in the 18th century, from where it spread to other parts of the world.Although it was previously used by French writers, the term Industrial Revolution was first popularized by English economic historian Arnold Toynbee to describe Britain's economic development between 1760 and 1840. . In this post, we discuss different forms of pollution that the Industrial Revolution caused. A major cause for the Industrial Revolution was the enormous spurt of population growth in England. Some argue we are now entering a Fourth Industrial Revolution, in which robotics, artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles and biotechnology are changing our concepts of both life and consciousness. How is the industrial revolution best defined? The Second Industrial Revolution was a period of important industrial, social and economic changes that emerged after the first stage of the Industrial Revolution initiated in Britain. Rapid advances in the creation of steel, chemicals and electricity helped fuel production, including mass-produced consumer goods and weapons. ), founded in 1892 by Thomas Edison. Because of typewriters and telephones now women could be secretaries or telephone. This was developed between 1870 and 1914.However, there are those who frame its beginning since 1850. How did the Second Industrial Revolution changed the mass production? -America had a large amount of water power and trees and coal for steam and later electricity. Britain in 1870 had the following which has all been stated as necessary for an Industrial Revolution: good mineral resources, growing population, wealth, spare land and food, ability to innovate, laissez-faire government policy, scientific interest, and trading opportunities. Then, the Takaki describes the picture brides in America, which is how women is a ' 'picture bride system was based om the established custom of arraigned marriage ' ' (Takaki 234). Do you think that skilled slaves had advantages over other slaves? The Causes Of The Second Industrial Revolution, As soon as the Civil War ended, America started to emerge as an industrial nation. In the same time period, new technological systems were introduced, most significantly electrical power and telephones. The industrial revolution also created new opportunities for social mobility, and many middle-class families were able to improve their economic status. The first factories were built in the 18th century, with British textile mills that spread to the United States, a time known as the First Industrial Revolution. between about 1870 and 1960. The introduction of the automobile also had a major impact on transportation, as it drastically reduced travel times and made it possible for people to travel to previously inaccessible areas. It was a tremendous transformation of peoples lives, says Joshua B. Freeman professor of history at Queens College and author of Behemoth: The Making of the Factory and the Modern World. For example, industrial standardization marked an evolution in the arms industry, says Satia, author of Empire of Guns: The Making of the Industrial Revolution. It was said that people working in mines had death wishes. The relationship between laborers and capitalists is like that of the Occupy Wall Street movement, where there was a large amount of strife in the working class about the distribution of wealth. You could say that the Second Industrial Revolution was one of the most important times in the world history. Economic insecurity became a basic way of life as the depressions of the 1870s and 1890s put millions out of work or reduced pay. Technological advances made it possible for governments to track and spy on their citizens. Copyright 2022 IPL.org All rights reserved. Now they are working in a factory that is clock-regulated and unchanging.. Historians have identified several reasons for why the Industrial Revolution began first in Britain, including: the effects of the Agricultural Revolution, large supplies of coal, geography of the country, a positive political climate, and a vast colonial empire. New technologies led to the development of cleaner and more efficient forms of energy, such as electricity and petroleum. They all became a part of the Populist Party which represented small farmers, wage laborers, blacks and poor whites to fight against the greedy railroads, corporate monopolies, and corrupt politics. NAME: Ricardo Vasquez P: 3 1 What were the years given for the Second Industrial Revolution? It was a time when the very fabric of America was being redesigned and improved upon. The increase in trade and market openings led to a rise in the demand for labor, which in turn increased migration as people moved to where the jobs were. Increasing urbanization and the acquisition of new territory in the United States in the early 19th century caused the Second Industrial. The growth of cities caused overcrowding and poor sanitation, which led to the spread of diseases. She was surprised when they refused. Along side the fast growth in population, medical systems had also improved, thus there was a reduction in the number of epidemics that spread resulting in less of a death toll through lack of medical knowledge. Large tracts of land were concentrated in few owners who changed production techniques. Land Owners are the most wealthy and powerful having the ability to pay their workers a poor wage. Because railroads allowed cheap transportation, they were able to provide faster and more efficient than any other mode of transportation at the time becoming the primary mode of long-distance travel. The railroads determined whether your company would make or if it would break it. -The government made it easy to get patents to protect new ideas. Major changes to farming techniques included selectively. The industrial nations of Europe quickly began to outpace their rivals in terms of military might, leading to a period of imperialism in which they competed for control of colonies around the world. Business tycoons were also able to improve other businesses and industries by hiring independent companies, like security agencies, to help them control their workers' disputes. The second industrial revolution is a continuation of the first industrial revolution and this was characterized with the increasing of adoption of the steam . One of the most notable innovation of this period was the railroad, which instead of using iron, started to use steel. The cause of the increase was that people were beginning to settle and farm, which increased their chance of survival. These factories used new technologies to mass-produce goods at a much faster rate than ever before. *There was a significant population increase. Electricity petroleum became the primary. Industrial Revolution, in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. The Second Industrial Revolution. In the pursue of extracting raw materials to satisfy the demand for more products, the planet started to pay a very high price that keeps running until our days. The Second Industrial Revolution led to a widening of the gap between rich and poor. Additionally, the invention of the automobile and the airplane led to a new era of transportation. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. A hundred people had died and millions of dollars in property were destroyed during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. 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