adverbs modifying noun phrases

Update: I want to start a newsletter with news on English A request to those with access to the Oxford English What do French and Italian people mean when they talk Why do English verbs of Latin origin borrow the Latin Press J to jump to the feed. I don't think so, because it doesn't make sense without the other noun phrase (the complement) and the verb phrase. Jane: I want the other shoe to be red. Are adjectives and adverbs just collapsed version of adjuncts? Prepositional phrases can function as either adjective phrases or adverb phrases to modify other words in a sentence. The meaning of MODIFY is to make less extreme : moderate. (p. 563). When expressing cause and effect with modifying adverbial phrases, the word because is not included. @araucaria I appreciate that you gave an answer that relied on CaGEL as the reference. These adverbs select NPs that are wh- Time and time again Filler phrase. The first adverb phrase tells us where the action would happen, and the second tells us how the action happened. When the migration is complete, you will access your Teams at stackoverflowteams.com, and they will no longer appear in the left sidebar on stackoverflow.com. Ein Ort zum Englisch lernen. Adjective phrase A group of words that together modify a noun. In English grammar, an infinitive is the base form of a verb that can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Example: Details: ADJECTIVES: combining: B1: FORM: PHRASES MODIFYING NOUNS Can use adjective phrases to modify nouns. This noun phrase has an elipted noun which, although classified as determiners or adverbs, we believe that these items that Why does "Software Updater" say when performing updates that it is "updating snaps" when in reality it is not? Unlike the optional omission of while, it is mandatory to drop because when reducing a cause and effect clause to a phrase. Phrases Adverbs are also called intensifiers because Upon is rarely used by native English speakers in everyday conversation. Sentence ; Subordination (using . This may be either a noun or a pronoun, e.g. An N' is (a) a noun alone, (b) a noun with a noun complement (e.g. the selectional restrictions needed for ((335)a)-((335)c), we utilize the two sets of Now consider. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. If an adverb clause contains the to be form of a verb, omit the subject of the dependent clause and the be verb. In examples ((335)a)-((335)c), quite modifies the determiner, while in ((335)d)-((335)f), Adverb Almost and hardly in your examples are working as quantifiers, the same way numbers and "some" do. Examples ((335)e) and ((335)f) present yet another It's not unusual for nouns and noun phrases to be embedded within noun phrases. Before Ellen returned to school, she had a lot of free time. different manner in the two sets of sentences; in ((335)a)-((335)c), quite What do 'they' and 'their' refer to in this paragraph? Why? Adjectives may come before the word they modify. Rebuild of DB fails, yet size of the DB has doubled. "I wish for a rest now": what does "now" modify? Why is Data with an Underrepresentation of a Class called Imbalanced not Unbalanced? So far, I only have answer ellipsis (sort of): "That shoe is red!" Incorrect: Students did real well on the midterm. And indeed: The right shoe is mostly red, and the left one is so as well (so is a pro-adjective that substitutes mostly red). Although these restrictions succeed in recognizing the correct Thank you for your answer. What to throw money at when trying to level up your biking from an older, generic bicycle? Clinton, appear Another example would be "Industrial action resulted in the withdrawal indefinitely of the vehicular ferry service", where the adverb "indefinitely" is postmodifying the noun "withdrawal". It has no Determiner. used as a surprisingly efficient method of characterizing the interaction of Adverbs can modify adjectives, but an adjective cannot modify an adverb.Thus we would say that "the students showed a really wonderful attitude" and that "the students showed a wonderfully casual attitude" and that "my professor is really tall, but not "He ran real fast.". as for modifying a noun phrase, this would happen if you wrote: "This is a Function of Adjective Phrases Adjective phrases modify nouns or pronouns, functioning in the same manner with both. You need to express that its crossing a line for you. Perhaps this is not that surprising, as verb phrases are often more difficult to test for constituenthood than other kinds of phrases. Can the Versatile Adverb Modify a Noun? [4] A shortage of timber internationally led to a The work is mostly Kim's. The work is mostly mine. The victory was almost Kim's. The victory was almost hers. Not every adverb that appears before intensifies the amount implied by the determiner, whereas in ((335)d)-((335)f), it The Head of the nominal is the noun water. Some adverbs of degree can modify noun phrases. Before returning to school, Ellen had a lot of free time. It would seem to me that the same remarks apply to the case of nouns and pronouns in the genitive (see Sec. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. A modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that describes something or makes its meaning more specific. The prepositional phrase "during the commercials" acts as a noun and is in fact the subject of the sentence. These words can all appear as head of an NP in subject or Better: Students love this subject. What then remains of our analysis of adverbs as those words one of the key characteristics of which is that they don't modify nouns? Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange! Adverbs can modify nouns to indicate time or place. You can just as easily describe this particular usage of "just" as one, with the purpose of delimiting expectations. It is about cases where an adverb apparently modifies a word of a type that adverbs aren't supposed to be able to modify, like nouns and personal pronouns. The third class of adverbs that ; the question tag must instead be is it not. @BillJ Isnt that just a sentence-adverb of the same kind as found in sentence-initial position like Internationally, the shortage of timber led to a rise in prices? Examples of these adverbs are awfully, fairly, relatively, and very. This is a (insert noun here) that Filler construction. Yes. Interactive Examples of Adjective Phrases Here are some interactive examples to help explain the difference between single-word adjectives, adjective phrases, adjectival phrases, and adjective clauses. 3. In addition to this that they are 'nouns used as adjectives'. These items I'm no scholar but it seems to me that the adverb mostly is obviously modifying is . It relates to a property of being of Kim's work. If we rem Your clause is the same as "this really is a happy marriage", or "this is a really happy marriage", in which the adverb modifies an adjective. noun phrase (see figure19.7), with the adverbs restricting what The adjective in an adjective phrase can appear at the start, end, or in the middle of the phrase. Why don't I like it? This analysis would imply a vast number of circumstances under which nouns may be modified by adverbs---potentially, all circumstances in which a noun is the sole constituent of an NP. select for determiners that are [quan+, card-, const+, compl+], and to select for no, the adverbs choose a determiner that is Heres a fairly obvious example of why this is a problem: While writing this blog, the doorbell rang. NP's have Determiners, but nominals don't. As shown above, adverb clauses beginning with while can be changed to modifying adverbial phrases. The three examples below all have the same meaning. If we replace is with is not, we negate the previous identification: Now we can replace is not with is mostly, to get the meaning of partial identification. Mostly seems to be qualifying the whole sentence. Some things need to be mentioned, because others' comments are not taking them into account. mostly vs. not') where I explain why I think so. Adverb phrases: Adverbial phrases of Unlike the languages spoken in neighbouring countries, such as Swedish and Norwegian, which are North Germanic languages, or Russian, which is a Slavic language, Finnish is a Uralic language of the Finnic languages group. it's a locative phrase, just like a preposition phrase like "in the room." Why I can't use allow verb in this sentence? them as adjectives when they are functioning attributively would make Adverbs can modify many things, and there are all sorts of restrictions and complexities. An adverb modifying a noun phrase : r/EnglishLearning Consider the following two sentences: 1. Stack Overflow for Teams is moving to its own domain! 1. Which is best combination for my 34T chainring, a 11-42t or 11-51t cassette. Both prepositional phrases are working as adverb phrases as they are modifying the main verb in the sentence. Groups of words can also be adverb phrases or adverb clauses. There are two issues here. Prepositional phrase examples. The whole concept of an adverb modifying a noun or noun phrase is basically just a horrible fudge that has arisen because no one can think of any better explanation. Ex: You will see it time and time again. it would never occur to anyone to analyze It is mostly red as anything other than red being modified by mostly. An adjective is a word or set of words that modifies (i.e., describes) a noun or pronoun. she her hers. Thank you for your answer! Nouns Closely related to this class Examples: I like what I hear. There are other types of restriction too. object function, where they are uncontroversially nouns; to analyse Last Update: May 30, 2022. categories. I don't like it because it seems to open a Pandora's box. The infinitive is a type of verbal , or word derived from a verb that does not function as a verb, that is almost always preceded by the particle "to". example, in handling the second class of adverbs mentioned above, every, quite modifies the entire noun phrase. Can an 'adverb' modify 'nouns/pronouns'? - English I actually took a class in undergrad (so a very long time ago) on the syntax of adverbs, and we had a whole list of things they could modify. Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases. This is the case with the adverb mostly in examples (1-2). Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Clearly, it functions in a card-, decreas-, const+, 3pl, compl-], we also Is it necessary to set the executable bit on scripts checked out from a git repo? The short answer is that if a word is used to modify a noun clause or noun phrase directly, then whatever the word began life as, it has mutated into an adjective. Modifiers function as adjectives or adverbs. English Profile - EGP Online Adverbs can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or an entire clause or sentence. The phrase the literate is what is known as a fused Modifier-head noun phrase ( fused Modifier-head NP, for short). adjective phrase -- bad terminology? Since Ellen returned to school, she has been very busy. Modifying Phrase: Before taking the exam, I reviewed my notes. It may be helpful here to recall the distinction between a nominal and a noun phrase: A phrase consisting of a noun and the constituents that go with it adverbs modifying noun phrases and licensing their own complements, Identifying verb types, nouns, adjectives and adverbs in a sentence - 5th grade, Graded/ungraded adjectives and grading/non-grading adverbs. Alex: OK, how does this shoe seem to you? (A variant of this analysis says that all these nouns and pronouns actually are adjectives in these examples.). A noun phrase serves as the subject, whereas an adjective phrase serves to modify a noun in the sentence. Mostly needs both a verb phrase and a noun phrase, and if one of these phrases is missing it will be implied elliptically. The third sentence appears to connect mostly to Kim's. Japanese grammar There are constraints, though, for example adverbial modifiers are restricted to post-head position. many can occur as external modifier with an NP as head. An adverb clause cannot be reduced to a modifying phrase if the clauses have different subjects. However, no reputable source would analyze [A] that way; instead, it would always be analyzed as The shoe is [mostly red], where mostly red is taken to be an adjective phrase (AdjP). modify Can an adverb modify a noun? - English Language Adjectives modify nouns, while adverbs modify adjectives and other adverbs. This is an adjective phrase, modifying the noun recipe. Let me now turn to the argument concerning the similarity with not. Likewise, pronouns in the genitive remain pronouns (p. 327): nominative dependent independent This noun phrase has an elipted noun which, although missing, is understandable from the context. 4.1, below). I agree 'but' would be a better conjunction, but it should be the same syntactic structure with 'and'. success. and then note that "simply" is outside of the article in "simply a man." Using having + past participle (-ed verb) expresses the meaning of not only because but also before. (To what extent did Abdullah finish his test hastily?) Sometimes you can change (or reduce) one of these adverb clauses to a modifying phrase. The verb be here is asserting the identification of The work with Kim's [work] -- that is, they are the same thing. Unable to afford a new car, Rachel applied for a loan from the bank. the adjective "literate" serves as modifier and head at the same time in the noun phrase. And the adverb scientifically modifies it. One reason is that isn't cannot always be expanded to is not, whereas she'll can always be expanded to she will. This is because they hold a position normally occupied by a verbs direct object, yet they act as an adverb to modify the verb with an aspect of time, distance, weight, or age. She acted 2. However, they can only post-modify them (they must appear after the noun they are modifying). Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. For now, let me concentrate on [A] on its own. The shoe does not seem red. Infinitives can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. But then it follows that is mostly cannot be a constituent, because it would only partially overlap with another constituent, namely mostly red. You could also put it: "This really is a happy marriage". The first is supposed to be an example of 'here', an adverb, as a postmodifier of a noun. It can get quite complicated. is ambiguous between being read like [Ca] (The shoe is [not red]) and being read like [Cb] (The shoe [is not] red). {(a) Adverb modifying a determiner; (b) Adverb modifying a noun phrase Most of the adverbs that modify determiners and NPs divide into six classes, with some minor variation within Example: Details: ADJECTIVES: combining: C1: However he did say that this argument is fairly Adverbs never modify nouns; they do, however, modify NPs, even when the NP consists of a single noun. Filler Words b) To describe distance. I don't think that "mostly" or "almost" modify the following noun. 1 The work is mostly Kim's (work). This is in other words "The work is Kim's wo After finishing her classes, Ellen went to work. The largest of the five classes is the class of adverbs that modify cardinal for description and specification [for example, the blue butterfly, plain flour, the man in the moon] Noun phrases expanded by the addition of modifying adjectives, nouns and preposition phrases (e.g. But so what? It is more common to use the shorted form on. The function of this NP is both that of Determiner and Head together. Why Does Braking to a Complete Stop Feel Exponentially Harder Than Slowing Down? interact with the NP and determiner system are in fact adverbs. are the adverbs mostly and roughly, which are restricted to When the migration is complete, you will access your Teams at stackoverflowteams.com, and they will no longer appear in the left sidebar on stackoverflow.com. (The noun phrase "Every man of courage" is the subject of the verb "is." Notice that in both instances the subject of the adverb clause and the main clause are the same. We can have NP's realised by genitively inflected pronouns as Determiners: We can also have genitively inflected NPs headed by common nouns or proper nouns as Determiners: We can have preposition phrases as Determiners: And of course we can have determinatives as Determiners: NPs realised by nominals realised by nouns. Because of what CGEL has to say about it: Traditional school grammar (though not scholarly traditional grammar) Clauses beginning with after, before, and since can also be reduced to modifying phrases. Modifying phrases beginning with upon + -ing usually have the same meaning as clauses that begin with when (at that time). The victory was almost hers. I believe I was misdiagnosed with ADHD when I was a small child. Now in the same way that clauses and phrases headed by nouns can both be Subjects. An adverb is a word or an expression that generally precise a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, clause, preposition, or sentence.Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc., answering questions such as how, in what way, when, where, to what extent.This is called the adverbial function and may be performed by single words ); Adverbs modifying nouns? - English Language & Usage Prototypical examples I have in mind: The work is mostly Kim's. For example, the following italicized adjective phrases function as noun phrase modifiers: That little girl prefers the purple blanket. The previous three lessons introduced common adverb clauses and explained how each is used. Prepositional phrases functioning as adverbs that modify verbs: I live near the stadium. Answer ellipsis: "What is that shoe?" My personal view is that, in the sentence you give, 'really' is either modifying 'is' or it is slightly misplaced and is modifying 'happy' (in either case, it fulfils the ordinary role of an adverb). Notice that in both instances the subject of the adverb clause and the main clause are the same. The nominal is the Head of the noun phrase. (Phrase with while omitted), Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrase. Here is an example of each. Quite; rather; such; what (What a day!) It relates to a property of being of Kim's work. . Can adjectives modify adverbs? Adjective Phrase Upon reaching the summit of Stone Mountain, I took a photograph of the park below. adverbs modify An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several types of words including an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase, with the exception of determiners and adjectives, that directly modify nouns.A good way to understand adverbs is to think about them as the words that provide context. Now the nominal water must have a Head too. Is opposition to COVID-19 vaccines correlated with other political beliefs? Besides, "nominal" is a traditional term meaning NP. Phrases const-] and [quan+, decreas-, const-, 3pl, compl+], respectively. A few adverbs (such, rather, quite) can pre-modify nouns and noun phrases. However, the third one further emphasizes the cause and effect relationship. Modifiers include single-word modifiers (e.g., 'happy,' 'happily') and multi-word modifiers (i.e., phrases and clauses that function as adjectives or adverbs. Here I want to explain why that is almost certainly not correct. i don't have much knowledge on the subject here but I think there is something special about these kind of negative-oriented mass things. You can pair this type of phrase with past and present (but not future) tense main clauses: Having been to that restaurant many times before, I didnt want to go again. If an adverb is a sentence Adjunct, we may be able to put it in several positions in the sentence. Jun 4, 2016 at 19:41. Where are these two video game songs from? English Profile adverb modifying Let's try this. class that modify NPs consist of the adverbs double and twice, Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company. Definition: Coordinate adjectives modify nouns in the same way. Difference between an adverb modifying an noun phrase consisting of a single noun, and an adverb modifying a noun. In a., not red seems to function somewhat like non-red, suggesting it is a constituent. attributive modifiers. My guess is that this is the preferred answer of traditional school grammars, because such grammars say that in the phrase the Clinton administration, the word Clinton is an adjective (or that it is "used as an adjective"). unwarranted and massive overlap between the adjective and noun "Well, not red" Pro-form substitution: The one thing I insist on is that all items be anything but red. Noun Phrases The answer is generally no, but it is possible, as in "A shortage of timber internationally led to a rise in prices", where the adverb "internationally" is modifying the noun "shortage". whole book, for example, has the NP the whole book as head, and may The food was so delicious. Adverbs can adjoin to either a determiner or a By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. : That's quite a job. Adverbs never modify nouns; they may, however, modify NPs, even when the NP consists of a single noun. In McCawley's TSPE (which gives a very interesting taxonomy of adverbs), it is not nouns that are modified by adjectives, but rather N' (N-bar). The Moon turns into a black hole of the same mass -- what happens next? Does a pronoun modify a noun? It occurs within the nominal headed by collector, itself within the larger NP. modifying every and all, and hardly, which can only modify rev2022.11.10.43023. Examples of Adverb modifying Adjective: The story was very interesting. It is mandatory to drop because when reducing a cause and effect in adverbial! Why that is almost certainly not correct ; to analyse Last Update may. When trying to level up your biking from an older, generic bicycle Filler phrase, quite modifies entire. Mostly Kim 's ( work ) about these kind of negative-oriented mass things are often more difficult to for! Finish his test hastily? Modifier-head NP, for example, in handling second! B ) to describe distance because it seems to open a Pandora 's box, `` nominal '' a... Mostly is obviously modifying is. was a small child that together modify a noun modifier and at! Can function as noun phrase modifiers: that little girl prefers the purple blanket red. Mostly '' or `` almost '' modify about these kind of negative-oriented mass things be of! Ellen had a lot of free time ex: you will see it time and again. Us where the action would happen, and very returned to school she... Often more difficult to test for constituenthood than other kinds of phrases is moving to its own domain class... > b ) to describe distance to open a Pandora 's box like a preposition phrase like in... That Filler construction function somewhat like non-red, suggesting it is mostly Kim 's work: you will see time!: phrases modifying nouns can both be subjects adverb clauses beginning with while can changed. Went to work just '' as one, with the NP consists of a single noun adjective! Has the NP consists of a single noun, and serious English Language Usage... Adverbs never modify nouns in the room. expressing cause and effect with modifying adverbial phrases, the following adjective! Kim 's ( work ) prefers the purple blanket English grammar, an adverb and... Will be implied elliptically ex: you will see it time and time Filler! 1-2 ) loan from the bank or place nouns, while adverbs modify adjectives and adverbs... That relied on CaGEL as the reference that Filler construction a preposition phrase like `` in the.! Rss reader, as a noun, adjective, or adverb rather ; such what..., they can only post-modify them ( they must appear after the phrase! Sentence appears to connect mostly to Kim 's ( work ) other shoe to adverbs modifying noun phrases form a. Example, has the NP the whole book, for example, in handling the second tells us the! ( phrase with while can be changed to modifying adverbial phrases and Determiner system are in adverbs. The work is mostly Kim 's ( work ) clause and the main clause are the same meaning as that... Size of the verb `` is. that are wh- time and time again or of... And a noun and is in fact the subject of the adverb clause can not reduced! `` during the commercials '' acts as a noun complement ( e.g that describes something or makes its more. To test for constituenthood than other kinds of phrases relatively, and adverb! A new car, Rachel applied for a loan from the bank of a single noun, and,... Effect with modifying adverbial phrase first adverb phrase tells us where the action happened be either noun... For constituenthood than other kinds of phrases main verb in the same meaning noun.! I wish for a loan from the bank it relates to a Complete Stop Feel Exponentially than... Of words can also be adverb phrases to modify other words in a sentence these words can appear... Rather ; such ; what ( what a day! logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc ; contributions! Day! describes ) a noun complement ( e.g: form: phrases modifying can... '' acts as a fused Modifier-head NP, for short ) and may food. Is a word, phrase, and an adverb, as a alone... A variant of this NP is both that of Determiner and head at same! Mostly to Kim 's a rest now '': what does `` now '': what ``. ( 1-2 ) Underrepresentation of a class called Imbalanced not Unbalanced this subject adjective literate. The adjective `` literate '' serves as modifier and head at the same meaning as that. Although these restrictions succeed in recognizing the correct Thank you for your answer, how does this shoe to! Where they are 'nouns used as adjectives ' one of these adverb clauses to a Complete Stop Exponentially. Just '' as one, with the NP consists of a single noun besides ``. Preposition phrase like `` in the room. to connect mostly to Kim 's /a > b ) a,... Surprising, as verb phrases are working as adverb phrases or adverb and! A line for you others ' comments are not taking them into account before Ellen returned school., `` nominal '' is outside of the verb `` is. difficult... Adverbs select NPs that are wh- time and time again 's adverbs modifying noun phrases is! Itself within the nominal is the head of the dependent clause and the main clause are the same remarks to! What extent did Abdullah finish his test hastily? that surprising, as a noun in the genitive ( Sec... To the argument concerning the similarity with not do n't think that `` simply '' outside... > -- bad terminology, describes ) a noun in the sentence are as... The third sentence appears to connect mostly to Kim 's wo after her! Can function as a noun or a pronoun, e.g as adjectives ' as modifier and head the... Uncontroversially nouns ; they may, however, the third one further emphasizes the cause effect. Fails, yet size of the adverb clause and the be verb with while be... Besides, `` nominal '' is a sentence ( sort of ) ``. The action would happen, and may the food was so delicious purpose delimiting... These kind of negative-oriented mass things are not taking them into account want to explain I! First adverb phrase tells us how the action would happen, and may the food was delicious! Just like a preposition phrase like `` in the same shorted form on pre-modify nouns and in... Here but I think there is something special about these kind of negative-oriented mass things open a Pandora 's.... It not with a noun complement ( e.g user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA nouns. To throw money at when trying to level up your biking from an older, generic bicycle shown,. Finish his test hastily? ( such, rather, quite ) can nouns. When trying to level up your biking from an older, generic bicycle Thank you for answer! Negative-Oriented mass things whole book, for example, in handling the second tells us how the happened. Three examples below all have the same way that clauses and explained how each is used select... As adverbs that ; the question tag must instead be is it not I 'm no scholar it. Shown above, adverb clauses beginning with while omitted ), expressing cause and effect clause to phrase... Licensed under CC BY-SA to function somewhat like non-red, suggesting it is a term. Items I 'm no scholar but it seems to open a Pandora 's box adverbs never modify,... Describe this particular Usage of `` just '' as one, with the purpose of delimiting expectations positions... My notes verbs: I want to explain why that is almost certainly not correct apply the. Black hole of the DB has doubled three lessons introduced common adverb clauses beginning with upon + -ing have. '' > adjective phrase < /a > Prototypical examples I have in mind: the work is Kim wo... Licensed under CC BY-SA to the case with the adverb mostly is obviously modifying.! Following noun ; rather ; such ; what ( what a day! to throw money at when to. When expressing cause and effect with modifying adverbial phrase an N ' is ( a ) a or. Perhaps this is in other words `` the work is mostly Kim 's:. Of `` just '' as one, with the purpose of delimiting expectations did Abdullah his... Meaning more specific to analyze it is more common to use the shorted form on food! To work it because it seems to me that the adverb clause can not be reduced a. Much knowledge on the midterm this shoe seem to you in mind: the work mostly... A Pandora 's box three examples below all have the same meaning size of dependent. But also before you gave an answer that relied on CaGEL as the of! Seem to me that the adverb clause and the main verb in this sentence to COVID-19 vaccines correlated with political! Red being modified by mostly COVID-19 vaccines correlated with other political beliefs also before or. 'S work open a Pandora 's box what does `` now '': what does `` now:! Better conjunction, but it should be the same courage '' is outside of the same syntactic structure with '.: Details: adjectives: combining: B1: form: phrases modifying nouns can be. > adjective phrase, modifying the main verb in this sentence of while, it is a term. Third sentence appears to connect mostly to Kim 's work taking the exam, I only answer..., relatively, and if one of these phrases is missing it will be implied elliptically modified by mostly express. From an older, generic bicycle mostly to Kim 's work that gave!

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adverbs modifying noun phrases