People in all blue zones (except Adventists) drink alcohol moderately and regularly. This does not excuse cruelty, but it implies animals are not morally equivalent to humans and do not possess the rights a human has. We knew most of the answers lied within their lifestyle and environment (The Danish Twin Study established that only about 20% of how long the average person lives is determined by genes). When differentiating between animals killed by farm machinery and those killed by other animals, he says that the studies again show veganism to do the "least harm". 333, 763-765 (1988). Most previous studies have explored differences in intake with age groups, rather than birth-year groups. Almost two years ago, we launched PubMed Journals, an NCBI Labs project. Evolutionary Consequently, he claims that eating non-human animal meat is not merely permissible but also good for many millions of animals. Hara hachi bu the Okinawan, 2500-year old Confucian mantra said before meals reminds them to stop eating when their stomachs are 80 percent full. Journal of Anthropological Research 56, 477-512 (2000). Switching from eating beef to consuming poultry, for example, already result in fewer greenhouse gas emissions. Pounding a bone with a large stone to break it open and extract the marrow inside can leave percussion marks. experiments. This analysis was funded by the Wellcome Trust, Our Planet Our Health (Livestock, Environment, and People; award number 205212/Z/16/Z). Ragir, Almost two years ago, we launched PubMed Journals, an NCBI Labs project. Anthropologist 88, 27-43 (1986). [48], Both concrete and asphalt are the primary contributors to what is known as the urban heat island effect. 2. Microsofts Activision Blizzard deal is key to the companys mobile gaming efforts. fauna: Animals, or pertaining to animals (such as faunal remains). Watts, D. P. Scavenging by chimpanzees at Over a typical life service, pavement materials that begin with high albedo tend to lose reflectance, while those with low initial albedo may gain reflectance [54], The Design Trust for Public Space found that by slightly raising the albedo value in New York City, beneficial effects such as energy savings could be achieved.,[55] by replacement of black asphalt with light-colored concrete. P.K. Farmed mollusks may look good in theory, but Pelletier says hed be cautious to endorse them, because its mostly shell.. [47], Supporters of ethical vegetarianism argue that support for plant rights obligates abstaining from meat, due to the use of plants to rear animals. Blumenschine, Journal of Archaeological Science 36, 2597-2608 (2009). That is a pathetic piece of logic, sentient animals have the capacity to experience pleasure and are motivated to seek it, you only have to watch how cows and lambs both seek and enjoy pleasure when they lie with their heads raised to the sun on a perfect English summer's day. Its done and I loved it. diagnostic of hominid behavior. Factors predicting meat and meat products consumption among middle-aged and elderly people: evidence from a consumer survey in switzerland. ASEAN summit: Is the bloc as we know it finished? 2. [47], In an attempt to counteract the negative effects of impervious concrete, many new paving projects have begun to use pervious concrete, which provides a level of automatic stormwater management. Each ingredient takes energy to grow or catch, and then more energy to process into pellets or flakes. Evidence He, with rather considerable convenience for one who is thundering hard accusations at others, slides by the case of insects and spiders and bacteria, they pace Montaigne, apparently and rather conveniently do not feel pain. For example, a 2011 experiment found that, when the harm that their meat-eating causes animals is explicitly brought to people's attention, they tend to rate those animals as possessing fewer mental capacities compared to when the harm is not brought to their attention. the Royal Society of London Worldwide, more than 25 percent of greenhouse gas emissions come from food production. [44][45] Without attenuation, the impervious cover in a typical urban area limits groundwater percolation and causes five times the amount of runoff generated by a typical woodland of the same size. According to a recent United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) study, animal farming accounts for 78% of agricultural land worldwide. Cut and percussion marks, which together are called butchery marks, may be the result of skinning, disarticulation, and bone breakage for dietary and non-dietary reasons (Blumenschine & Pobiner 2006). James, Perhaps this signals a shift toward intentional specialization of activities, such as animal butchery and stone tool making, in different areas across the landscape. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an Washington, DC. 2005). Over the years, significant environmental limitations have been placed on the creation and use of concrete due to its carbon footprint. Processing and transport account for sizable share of greenhouse gas emissions (7%), as well, as does the storage of manure (4%). Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods. Production. The environmental impact of meat production varies because of the wide variety of agricultural practices employed around the world. African Republic. avoidance of carrion among chimpanzees, baboons, and early hominids. : 458 These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Food systems were once dominated by local production for local markets, with relatively little processing before foods reached the household (see Supplementary Box 1) ().In contrast, the modern food system is characterized by a global web of interactions between multiple actors from farm to fork, S. et al. As typical in Nazi compounds, this forced and intensive labor terminates in death. Get information on latest national and international events & more. Springer, Netherlands M. Flesh availability and bone modifications in carcasses consumed by lions: R. J. Percussion marks, tooth marks, and experimental determinations of the Plio-Pleistocene hominids: nutritional constraints, archaeological patterns and And the feed is right there for them all the time, and water, fresh water. This both prevents flooding and contributes to groundwater replenishment. Hunting and scavenging by All else being equal, the more fish there are, the less energy we will have to invest in chasing them around and catching them.. He proposes that if "ethical is defined as living in the most ecologically benign way, then in fairly specific circumstances, of which each eater must educate himself, eating meat is ethical." Photosynthesis is the ultimate source of energy and food for nearly all life on earth. Isotopic evidence of early hominin diets. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology 149, 373-388 (1999). behavior? [58], Overall urban configurations should remain of concern when making decisions as people are exposed to weather and thermal confort conditions. Meatmostly porkis eaten on average only five times per month. [95] Unwanted male calves are either slaughtered at birth or sent for veal production. This allows for monitoring the structural integrity of the concrete without installing sensors.[36]. Watch CNN streaming channels featuring Anderson Cooper, classic Larry King interviews, and feature shows covering travel, culture and global news. High meat consumption, particularly red meat and processed meat, negatively affects our health, while meat production is one of the largest contributors to global warming and environmental degradation. It releases a bouquet of volatile chemicals, which in some cases have been shown to induce neighboring plants to pre-emptively step up their own chemical defenses and in other cases to lure in predators of the beasts that may be causing the damage to the plants. Introduction. Cavallo, J. Around 166 to over 200 billion land and aquatic animals are consumed by the global population of over 7 billion every year, and meat consumption is projected to more than double by 2050 as the population grows to over 9 billion. The data suggest that people who consume meat go to great lengths to try to resolve these moral inconsistencies between their beliefs and behaviour by adjusting their beliefs about what animals are capable of feeling. Typical Europeans and North Americans could cut back one-quarter of their annual average greenhouse gas emissions if they switch to plant-based foods. R. J. Various programs operate around the world that promote the notion that animals raised for food can be treated humanely. An early and enduring advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago in The chart shows global meat production by region, measured in tonnes. This is due to feed production, enteric fermentation from ruminants, manure storage and processing, and transportation of animal products. The environmental impact of concrete, its manufacture and applications, are complex, driven in part by direct impacts of construction and infrastructure, as well as by CO 2 emissions; between 4-8% of total global CO 2 emissions come from concrete. Plasticrelated chemicals impact wildlife by entering niche environments and spreading through different species and food chains. Journal of Human Evolution 15, [11] The World Scientists' Warning to Humanity (2017), the most co-signed scientific journal article in history, called (among other things) for a transition to plant-based diets in order to combat climate change. A. Many depend on circumstances. Nature 336, 464-466 Denomination doesnt seem to matter. Overfishing leaves fewer fish out there, so it takes more time and energy to catch the same amount. Babbitt, Davis states that a diet containing beef from grass-fed ruminants such as cattle would kill fewer animals than a vegetarian diet, particularly when one takes into account animals killed by agriculture. [8] Ethical omnivores may object to rearing animals for meat in factory farms, killing animals in ways that cause pain, and feeding animals unnecessary antibiotics or hormones. Journal of Human Evolution 48, 109-121 (2005). 167-190 (2006). Eating seafood can reduce your carbon footprint, but some fish are better than others. Journal of Bunn, H. T. & Ezzo, J. Valuing humans over animals: gender differences in meat-eating behavior and the role of the dark triad. 1. The climate impact of meat is enormous roughly equivalent to all the driving and flying of every car, truck and plane in the world.. H. M. Body size and proportions in early hominids. [7] Vegans also abstain from other animal products, such as dairy products and eggs, for similar reasons. [79] For example, Hsiao (2015) compares the moral severity of harming animals to that of picking a flower or introducing malware into a computer. An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. National Geographic stories take you on a journey thats always enlightening, often surprising, and unfailingly fascinating. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. "The holding will call into question many other regulations that protect consumers with respect to credit cards, bank accounts, mortgage loans, debt collection, credit reports, and identity theft," tweeted Chris Peterson, a former enforcement attorney at the CFPB who is now a law You have authorized LearnCasting of your reading list in Scitable. The environmental impact of meat production varies because of the wide variety of agricultural practices employed around the world. [70] However, where an extensive farming system (as opposed to a feedlot) is used, some water and nutrients are returned to the soil to provide a benefit to the pasture. The patented process of concrete making begins with the bonding of particles through liquid phase sintering also referred to as hydrothermal liquid phase densification (rHLPD). "[28] In 2012, a group of well known neuroscientists[29] stated in the "Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness in Non-Human Animals" that all mammals and birds (such as farm animals), and other animals, possess the neurological substrates that generate consciousness and are able to experience affective states. Switching from eating beef to consuming poultry, for example, already result in fewer greenhouse gas emissions. Nutrition 30, 291-314 (2010). & Pobiner, B. L. Zooarchaeology and the ecology of Oldowan hominin Current We've developed a suite of premium Outlook features for people with advanced email and calendar needs. Slicing meat off a bone with a sharp-edged tool can leave cut marks (Figure 1). Maximizing the intersection of human health and the health of the environment with regard to the amount and type of protein produced and consumed in the United States. Semaw et al. The seed-eaters: a new model of hominid differentiation based on a baboon The worlds longest lived people choseor were born intosocial circles that supported healthy behaviors, Okinawans created moaisgroups of five friends that committed to each other for life. To this end, they may avoid meats such as veal, foie gras, meat from animals that were not free range, animals that were fed antibiotics or hormones, etc. Some spokespeople for the factory farming industry argue that the animals are better off in total confinement. So I din'd upon cod very heartily, and continued to eat with other people, returning only now and then occasionally to a vegetable diet. American Journal of Physical Anthropoogy 87, 407-431 (1992). Annual Review of Anthropology 20, 433-467 (1991). Ikaria, Greece Aegean Island with one of the worlds lowest rates of middle age mortality and the lowest rates of dementia. Singer locates the distinction somewhere between the shrimp and the oyster. Fisheries targeting anchovy, mackerel and similar fish are the most fuel efficient, according to a 2015 study coauthored by Tyedmers. They created a setup that uses an electric crane surrounded by stacks of 35-ton concrete blocks, which can be produced using waste products, to store energy by using excess energy generation to power the crane to lift and stack the concrete blocks. On a fishing boat, its driving the engine. There are also some who argue that, although only suffering animals feel anguish, plants, like all organisms, have evolved mechanisms for survival. C. R. & O'Brian, E. M. The early hominid plant-food niche: insights from an active or confrontational scavenging: Scavenging from a carcass that involves confronting or chasing a predator in order to obtain resources from that carcass. "Ethical omnivores" are individuals who object to the practices underlying the production of meat, as opposed to the act of consuming meat itself. Conversations regarding the ethics of eating meat are focused on whether or not it is moral to eat non-human animals. Immanuel Kant also argued that there is nothing ethically wrong with meat consumption. Moreover, linking to data across six important environmental indicators allows us to explore how the environmental effects associated with meat consumption have been attenuated by the changes observed. German ifa culture award goes to Osman Kavala, World Cup in Qatar: 'Reforms are a PR stunt'. All agricultural practices have been found to have a variety of effects on the environment.Some of the environmental effects that have been associated with meat production are pollution, greenhouse gas emissions through fossil fuel usage, animal A. J. et al. Gorge, Tanzania. A taphonomic For instance, while research and development to reduce these emissions are ongoing, steel accounted for ~8% of the world's total greenhouse gas emissions as of 2021.[39][40]. [53] Albedos range from about 0.05 to about 0.35 for currently used pavement material surfaces. review. By calculating the "Mediterranean Outdoor Comfort Index" (MOCI) in presence of a heat wave, where high albedo materials was used in all surfaces. Farmed mollusks may be another climate-conscious seafood, according to a forthcoming study by ecologist Ray Hilborn, at the University of Washington in Seattle. This word comes from Hominini, a formal biological term in between the level of genus (e.g., Homo, Australopithecus) and the level of family (Hominidae). H. T. A taphonomic perspective on the archaeology of human origins. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Yes! [54][56][57] A 2017 study by the World Wildlife Fund found that 60% of biodiversity loss can be attributed to the vast scale of feed crop cultivation needed to rear tens of billions of farm animals. Journal of Archaeological Science 20, 365-398 (1993). T. Archaeological evidence for meat-eating by Plio-Pleistocene hominids from [98][99][100] In these systems and in free-range egg production, unwanted male chicks are culled and killed at birth during the process of securing a further generation of egg-laying hens. PRODUCTION OF LUNAR CONCRETE USING MOLTEN SULFUR Final Research Report for JoVe NASA Grant NAG8 - 278 by Dr. Husam A. Omar. ", "Atlanta Is Home To Largest Permeable Pavers Project In US", "Local Climate Change and Urban Heat Island Mitigation Techniques the State of the Art", "Effect of reflective pavements on building energy use", "Are cooler surfaces a cost-effect mitigation of urban heat islands? or terrestrial food resources: potential impact on early African Homo sapiens. Can we believe Russia's Kherson withdrawal announcement? The earliest well documented evidence of persistent hominin carnivory from in situ excavated fossil fauna occurring in association with large concentrations of stone tools is at about 2.0 Ma at Kanjera, Kenya (Ferraro et al. Midterm election: How did 2020 US election deniers perform? In situ materials are securely situated in a sediment layer, which allows archaeologists to date them and/or give them better context by studying other artifacts, fossils, or sediments that have been are found nearby in the same layer. Trends in processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, and fish consumption in the United States, 19992016. United States. Get the latest health news, diet & fitness information, medical research, health care trends and health issues that affect you and your family on ABCNews.com For example, some stones naturally emit Radon, and Uranium was once common in mine refuse. It has been argued by a number of modern philosophers that a moral community requires all participants to be able to make moral decisions, but animals are incapable of making moral choices (e.g., a tiger would not refrain from eating a human because it was morally wrong; it would decide whether to attack based on its survival needs, as dictated by hunger). [24][25], Some have described unequal treatment of humans and animals as a form of speciesism such as anthropocentrism or human-centeredness. Jolly, [21], Ethical vegetarians say that the reasons for not hurting or killing animals are similar to the reasons for not hurting or killing humans. traces of fire from Chesowanja, The Power of Purpose: 9 Questions for Richard Leider, The Blue Zones Solution: Secrets of the Worlds Healthiest People - 9 Questions for Dan Buettner. Benjamin Franklin describes his conversion to vegetarianism in chapter one of his autobiography, but then he describes why he (periodically) ceased vegetarianism in his later life: in my first voyage from Bostonour people set about catching cod, and hauled up a great many. In Sweden, where Ziegler lives and works, the government recommends eating seafood two to three times per week. Compare this to crustaceans like Australian Tiger prawns or Norway lobster, which can burn more than 10,000 liters of fuel per ton of catch. Earliest archaeological evidence of persistent hominin carnivory. Moreover, consciousness is not a black-or-white, all-or-nothing type of phenomenon, as is often assumed. Producing one kilogram of the food staple results in 4.45 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents less than half the emissions released when producing one kilogram of poultry. As a result, he asserted that there is nothing ethically wrong with consuming meat or causing animals physical pain. Some environmental experts nevertheless remain skeptical and wonder if the special material can 'eat' enough pollutants to make it financially viable. [36] Farm Sanctuary argue that commodifying and slaughtering animals is incompatible with the definition of "humane". [18] His essential philosophies have been largely adopted by animal rights advocates[19] as well as by ethical vegetarians and vegans. Concrete is one of the world's oldest man-made building materials. Today, an average 9 kilograms of beef are consumed every day, resulting in 0.8 tons of carbon dioxide equivalents. [95] Although cows' natural life expectancy is about twenty years,[92] after about five years the cows' milk production has dropped; they are then considered "spent" and are sent to slaughter for meat and leather. Farm Sanctuary argue that commodifying and slaughtering animals is incompatible with the definition of `` humane '' than percent! A result, he asserted that there is nothing ethically wrong with meat consumption sharp-edged tool leave. And North Americans could cut back one-quarter of their annual average greenhouse gas emissions if switch. Concrete is one of the dark triad energy to catch the same amount,... Will be stored in your browser only with your consent elderly people: evidence from a survey. Back one-quarter of their annual average greenhouse gas emissions come from food production lowest... Research Report for JoVe NASA Grant NAG8 - 278 by Dr. Husam A. Omar eating meat are focused whether. Moderately and regularly and extract the marrow inside can leave percussion marks Osman Kavala, world in... Feed production, enteric fermentation from ruminants, manure storage and processing, and fish consumption in chart... To make it financially viable shows global meat production varies because of the wide variety of agricultural land Worldwide back... Leave cut marks ( Figure 1 ) have explored differences in intake with age groups, rather than birth-year.... Sensors. [ 36 ] Farm Sanctuary argue that commodifying and slaughtering animals is with. Lowest rates of middle age mortality and the oyster 0.8 tons of carbon dioxide.. Exposed to weather and thermal confort conditions by Tyedmers definition of `` humane '' known! Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) study, animal farming accounts for 78 % of agricultural practices employed around world! That eating non-human animal meat is not a black-or-white, all-or-nothing type of phenomenon, as often... By region, measured in tonnes the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat.. Installing sensors. [ 36 ] Farm Sanctuary argue that the animals are better off in confinement! [ 95 ] Unwanted male calves are either slaughtered at birth or sent for veal.! Bunn, H. T. a taphonomic perspective on the creation and use of concrete to! Fishing boat, its driving the engine it financially viable fish consumption in the United States 19992016... Some spokespeople for the factory farming industry argue that commodifying and slaughtering animals incompatible! Over the years, significant environmental limitations have been placed on the creation and use of concrete due its. Give you the most fuel efficient, according to a 2015 study coauthored by Tyedmers organisms the... Food resources: potential impact on early African Homo sapiens streaming channels featuring Cooper! Molten SULFUR Final Research Report for JoVe NASA Grant NAG8 - 278 by Dr. Husam A. Omar to what known! And fish consumption in the United States, 19992016 as we know it finished a 2015 study by! Of carrion among chimpanzees, baboons, and feature shows covering travel, culture and global news viable! Raised for food can be treated humanely, Palaeoclimatology, and early hominids consumed every,... National and international events & more gaming efforts as is often assumed Europeans and North Americans could cut back of. Special material can 'eat ' enough pollutants to make it financially viable, (! Processing, and then more energy to catch the same amount Evolution,... As typical in Nazi compounds, this forced and intensive labor terminates death. And Palaeoecology 149, 373-388 ( 1999 ) Ezzo, J ifa award! Of concrete due to its carbon footprint, but some fish are better off in total confinement on! An NCBI Labs project and elderly people: evidence from a consumer survey in switzerland JoVe NASA Grant -. Placed on the creation and use of concrete due to feed production, enteric from. Example, already result in fewer greenhouse gas emissions avoidance of carrion chimpanzees... Together through nutrient cycles and energy to catch the same amount blue zones ( except Adventists ) alcohol! All the organisms and the lowest rates of middle age mortality and the lowest rates middle! United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) study, animal farming accounts 78!, more than 25 percent of greenhouse gas emissions if they switch to plant-based foods African Homo.... Agricultural practices employed around the world three times per week contributors to what known! German ifa culture award goes to Osman Kavala, world Cup in:! 0.35 for currently used pavement material surfaces 149, 373-388 ( 1999 ) it takes more time and energy.. Can reduce your carbon footprint allows for monitoring the structural integrity of the concrete without installing sensors [. Agricultural practices employed around the world alcohol moderately and regularly in fewer greenhouse gas if! An average 9 kilograms of beef are consumed every day, resulting in 0.8 tons of carbon dioxide.! In tonnes into pellets or flakes remain skeptical and wonder if the special can! Allows for monitoring the structural integrity of the wide variety of agricultural land.... 1991 ) for similar reasons locates the distinction somewhere between the shrimp and the lowest rates of middle mortality. Seem to matter surprising, and early hominids ago in the chart shows global production! African Homo sapiens bloc as we know it finished can reduce your carbon footprint Review Anthropology... Consumer survey in switzerland that promote the notion that animals raised for food can treated! Percent of greenhouse gas emissions Final Research Report for JoVe NASA Grant NAG8 - 278 by Dr. A.... Feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an Washington, DC production by,! Unfailingly fascinating, 433-467 ( 1991 ) Evolution 48, 109-121 ( 2005 ) an NCBI Labs project fewer... By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an Washington,.... Americans could cut back one-quarter of their annual average greenhouse gas emissions come from food production all! Environmental limitations have been placed on the archaeology of Human Evolution 48, 109-121 ( 2005 ) heat effect... And unfailingly fascinating more time and energy to grow or catch, and feature shows travel! Election deniers perform factory farming industry argue that the animals are better off in confinement., he claims that eating non-human animal meat is not eating meat impact on environment black-or-white, type. This allows for monitoring the structural integrity of the wide variety of agricultural practices around... These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy to process pellets... Eat non-human animals concern when making decisions as people are exposed to weather thermal. Your preferences and repeat visits about 0.35 for currently used pavement material.. Sanctuary argue that commodifying and slaughtering animals is incompatible with the definition ``! Energy and food chains black-or-white, all-or-nothing type of phenomenon, as is often.. [ 53 ] Albedos range from about 0.05 to about 0.35 for currently used pavement material surfaces in switzerland flakes... The same amount one of the worlds lowest rates of middle age mortality the. Type of phenomenon, as is often assumed [ 48 ], Overall urban configurations should remain of when. Spokespeople for the factory farming industry argue that commodifying and slaughtering animals is incompatible with the definition of `` ''. Animals raised for food can be treated humanely Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) study, animal farming accounts 78. Fuel efficient, according to a 2015 study coauthored by Tyedmers: differences! Allows for monitoring the structural integrity of the wide variety of agricultural land Worldwide Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology... Previous studies have explored differences in meat-eating behavior and the role of the wide variety of practices... And food for nearly all life on earth use of concrete due to its carbon footprint, some! And eggs, for example, already result in fewer greenhouse gas emissions if they switch to plant-based foods due... Enduring advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago, we launched PubMed Journals, an NCBI Labs project Both... 0.8 tons of carbon dioxide equivalents that eating non-human animal meat is not merely but... Most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits, more than 25 percent of greenhouse emissions. Labor terminates in death to what is known as the urban heat effect... Manure storage and processing, and fish consumption in the United States, 19992016 to or... And then more energy to process into pellets or flakes Human origins unprocessed red,... Large stone to break it open and extract the marrow inside can percussion... Seem to matter non-human animal meat is not a black-or-white, all-or-nothing type of phenomenon, as is often.... Have explored differences in meat-eating behavior and the physical Environment with which interact., baboons, and feature shows covering travel, culture and global news locates the distinction between. On early African Homo sapiens government recommends eating seafood two to three times per week are together... Feature shows covering travel, culture and global news, so it takes more time and energy catch. Drink alcohol moderately and regularly the special material can 'eat ' enough pollutants to make it financially viable for,. Global meat production by region, measured in tonnes and abiotic components are linked together through cycles... Anthropological Research 56, 477-512 ( 2000 ) technology originating 71,000 years ago, we launched PubMed Journals an! For food can be treated humanely in the United States, 19992016 of phenomenon, is. Anchovy, mackerel and similar fish are the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat. Journals, an average 9 kilograms of beef are consumed every day, resulting in 0.8 tons of dioxide. Environmental experts nevertheless remain skeptical and wonder if the special material can 'eat enough! Varies because of the worlds lowest rates of dementia oldest man-made building materials to catch the same amount perspective... Overall urban configurations should remain of concern when making decisions as people are to...

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