Immigrants 16 years and older had to pass a literacy test to enter the United States. After the war, the program continued in agriculture until 1964. 4.9. Enacting such laws required the renegotiation of the Burlingame Treaty. Grade level: Preschool - high school Subject area: social studies Becoming America: Immigration Experiences Source: Facing History and Ourselves Questions what makes some "American." Grade level: Middle - high school Explain. The interviews went well and finally, after three weeks as a guest of the Angel Island Immigration Station, Jennie was in the arms of her father and reunited with her family. Court challenges such as Korematsu v. U.S. upheld the principle of military necessity, which still stands to this day. Middle School: 6-8th Grade, High School: 9-12th Grade, Lower Elementary: 1-3rd Grade, Upper Elementary: 4-5th Grade NEW! During World War II, the U.S. government negotiated with the Mexican government to recruit Mexican workers, all men and without their families, to work on short-term contracts on farms and in other war industries. Congress quickly came to realize the challenges of enforcing immigration exclusions, leading it to authorize and fund a dedicated immigration bureau responsible both for processing legal immigrants and enforcing immigration restrictions. Have students read section 4 of the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882). The quota system would remain the primary means of determining immigrants' admissibility to the United States until 1965. In which continent are most of the countries listed in source 2? Until 1882, when the federal government centralized control, immigration in the United States was regulated largely by individual states. This prompt is obviously quite vague, and the responses students will give will likely be quite varied. But I have not prepared even the most rifling gift and I feel embarrassed. Angel Island, on the other hand, operated between 1910 and 1940 and served primarily to bar entry to excluded immigrants crossing the Pacific, particularly Chinese and other Asians who were targeted by race for the severest immigration restrictions between 1882 until 1965. 2) How did this process make her feel? In 1978, the law was further amended to establish a single worldwide annual ceiling of 290,000. Students can work in groups. Congress revised the Immigration Act of 1965 by implementing the H-1B visa program for skilled temporary workers, with some provisions for conversion to permanent status, and the diversity visa lottery for populations unable to enter through the preference system. Include this article in a lesson about President Donald Trump's agenda at home and abroad. Assign students to read a textbook description of the immigrant experience in the United States from 1850 to 1880. Passed in October 2006, this law mandated that the Secretary of Homeland Security act quickly to achieve operational control over U.S. international land and maritime borders including an expansion of existing walls, fences, and surveillance. The following education resources include lesson plans, children's books, teaching tips and strategies, discussion guides for parents/family members and civil rights resources to help educators, parents and family members, and others provide background and address the topics of immigration, immigrants and anti-immigrant bias and discrimination. 1. Encourage students to write their response keeping close in mind the information outlined by the lesson. Immigration within the American hemisphere remained uncapped until 1965; however, in 1924 Congress authorized funding for the Border Patrol to regulate crossings occurring between immigration stations. Since then, as upheld in later judicial rulings, only national branches of government such as U.S. Congress, the White House, the Department of State, and federal immigration agencies have the authority to regulate immigration and enforce policies. Why do you think the immigration officers separated Jennie and her father? Introductory Activity Option One (Assessing Prior Knowledge)-. Lesson Plans Immigration History is organized around a 230 year timeline of laws, court decisions and executive actions. This interactive site caters to teachers, students, and others interested in unbiased information and lessons on U.S. immigration. When all have finished with the quiz, review the answers as a class and answer any remaining questions students may have. Blease's Law criminalized crossing the border outside an official port of entry. Who is responsible for enforcing these requirements? The 1976 Amendments extended to the Western Hemisphere a per country ceiling of 20,000 and a modified preference system for arrivals. Despite these efforts, unauthorized migrations have continued even as the resources committed to enforcement have steadily increased. In the 1880 Angell Treaty, the Chinese government agreed to U.S. rights to regulate, limit, or suspend immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States. Swiftly after this new treaty was signed, Congress enacted the first of what came to be known as the Chinese Exclusion Laws (1882-1943). The following sources reveal some of the ways this process took shape and the experiences of those who went through it. 's' : ''}}. This Supreme Court decision affirmed the plenary powers of U.S. federal authorities over immigration matters, in this instance even when changes in U.S. immigration law reversed earlier policy and practice. What do you think is on the second floor? It is administered by the United Nations High Commission on Refugees. The United States made provisions to admit about 135,000 Vietnamese and other Southeast Asians in the months following the fall of Saigon, resettle them across the United States with resources to help them establish new lives. The Immigration Bureau was established in 1891 and has expanded in fits and starts. Why do you think the United States began to require a literacy test for immigrants? They were required to read a passage from the Bible in their native language, or to follow instructions printed on a card in their native language. Immigration to America in the 1800s Lesson Plan Grade Level: This lesson is adaptable for grades 4-8. Chinese communities organized an anti-American boycott in protest. Symbolically in U.S. immigration history, the United States has had two gates providing access at its east and west coasts: Ellis Island in New York harbor and Angel Island in San Francisco Bay. This law set the main principles for immigration regulation still enforced today. The 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act added further enforcement measures targeting employment and border control. Arriving at the Golden Mountain, they were. Immigration within the American hemisphere remained uncapped until 1965; however, in 1924 Congress authorized funding for the Border Patrol to regulate crossings occurring between immigration stations. Instructor: Sharon Linde. She would often peer out through the fence, wishing she could hike out into the surrounding tree covered hills. Search below or use the Browse tab to explore a list of all available options. Smithsonian Magazine 1917 Immigration Act. Ask students to read the 'Impact on Crime' and 'Addressing Illegal Immigration' sections. Cook and Mrs. Budd. I was shaking like a leaf. The Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) allowed certain Salvadorans, Guatemalans, and Nicaraguans who had fled violence and poverty in their homelands in the 1980s to file for asylum and remain in the United States. After Fidel Castro's revolution, anti-communist Cubans received preferential immigration conditions because they came from a historically close U.S. neighbor and ally. Since the 1920s, consular offices abroad handle the processing of visa and passport applications. After the attacks of September 11th, the U.S. government acted to expand the budget, staffing, and powers of the immigration enforcement bureaucracy. Primary source documents and statistical tables about immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries anchor this lesson.Analytical questions about the documents and the tables require students to draw conclusions from the data, as well as evaluate opinions regarding immigration as expressed in the primary sources. The ILC Public Education Institute compiled this collection of lesson plans, curricular units and resources to help you incorporate immigration into your existing curriculum. The law targeted Chinese immigrants for restriction-- the first such group identified by race and class for severely limited legal entry and ineligibility for citizenship. Share My Lesson has curated these immigration lesson plans & resources to raise awareness about the crisis on the border, and the need to foster awareness, cooperation and mutual understanding. Whats happening at the border is not a new phenomenon. How many total questions are in the interview for individuals going through Angel Island? Primarily designed to restrict Mexican immigration, the law made unlawfully entering the country a misdemeanor and returning after a deportation a felony. Each lesson is self-contained, consisting of a reading, a set of discussion questions, and an activity. Legislated a few months after the Chinese Exclusion Law, this immigration legislation expanded the ranks of excludable aliens to include other undesirable persons and attributes such as "convicts," "lunatics," and "those likely to become a public charge.". Comparing the operations and scope of Ellis Island and Angel Island illustrates the wide array and complexity of immigration administration responsibilities, which range from detecting and expelling persons without authorized entry rights to courteously and expeditiously processing persons with legal entry permission for a range of purposes including temporary visits with limited rights of employment and residency along with those immigrating permanently on their way to becoming U.S. citizens. Recent Immigration Lesson Plans & Resources. For example, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo secured U.S. sovereignty over the present day Southwest and provided citizenship for all formerly Mexican residents who chose to remain in the newly American territories. Historical Context: The Supreme Court clarified that immigration restriction is a matter of federal, rather than state, authority in 1855 and 1875 rulings. Based on the given definitions of port of entry and detention center, how would you classify Ellis Island and Angel Island? You'll find statistics on U.S. immigration, lessons on Ellis Island, information on the Pilgrims, and much more. high school, middle school, video, social studies, high school, lesson plan, middle school, social studies, English language arts, high school, lesson plan, middle school, social studies, toolkit, elementary school, high school, middle school, article/report, elementary school, high school, middle school, video, middle school, high school, adult and higher education, social justice and civics, video, lesson plan, middle school, high school, adult and higher education, high school, lesson plan, website, website, early childhood, elementary school, English language arts, social studies, elementary school, middle school, high school, lesson plan, social studies, lesson plan, elementary school, middle school, high school, social studies, English language arts, social justice and civics, elementary school, middle school, high school, website, elementary school, middle school, high school, lesson plan, elementary school, middle school, high school, social studies, social justice and civics, social studies, English language arts, art, social justice and civics, lesson plan, elementary school, middle school, high school, social studies, lesson plan, high school, adult and higher education, religion, social studies, lesson plan, middle school, high school, social studies, lesson plan, early childhood, elementary school, middle school, high school, social studies, English language arts, lesson plan, elementary school, middle school, high school, science, social studies, math, English language arts, health and wellness, lesson plan, early childhood, elementary school, middle school, high school, social studies, website, elementary school, middle school, high school, social studies, English language arts, website, elementary school, middle school, high school, social studies, website, high school, lesson plan, arts, elementary school, middle school, high school, article/report, social studies, English language arts, website, elementary school, middle school, English language arts, digital literacy, elementary school, middle school, high school, adult and higher education, lesson plan, English language arts, social studies, middle school, high school, English language arts, social studies, lesson plan, middle school, high school, adult and higher education, English language arts, social studies, video, middle school, high school, adult and higher education, English language arts, high school, middle school, social studies, website, social studies, English language arts, science, website, elementary school, middle school, high school, social studies, website, lesson plans, high school, adult and higher education, adult and higher education, high school, lesson plan, middle school, video, website, Immigration Quick Statistics and Fact Sheets, Diversity and Culturally Responsive Teaching, Barry M. Portnoy Immigrant Entrepreneur Awards, Refugee, Unaccompanied Minor and SLIFE Students, Use Immigration Narratives to Build a Sense of Belonging in Classrooms, Teaching Chinese Immigration in the 19th Century, Teaching Immigration and the American Revolution, Understanding the Refugee Experience: Welcome to the New World, Welcome to the New World Curriculum and Learning Guide, Teaching Immigration with the Immigrant Stories Project, Latin American Resource Guide, Professional Development Series, Vol. Once again, ask them to list ways that immigration has an effect on our society. The quota system would remain the primary means of determining immigrants' admissibility to the United States until 1965. After World War II, international law and standards requires provision for refugees and asylum seekers fleeing danger and persecution. 1, Latin American Resource Guide, Professional Development Series, Vol. Unless Congress enacts a legal resolution for their situation, they remain vulnerable to detention and deportation which are presently the main tools available to the DHS to enforce immigration laws. Share My Lesson has curated these immigration, Paraprofessional and School Related Personnel (PSRP), Specialized Instructional Support Personnel (SISP), accused Irish immigrants of spreading cholera, Immigration and Policy in the United States, Protecting Communities and Combating Prejudice, Paraprofessionals and School-Related Personnel (PSRP) , Specialized Instructional Support Personnel . The governments of other countries had platforms to criticize the open discrimination in the U.S. national origins quota system. (hint: which immigration law was passed in 1882?). This law prohibited the recruitment to the United States of unfree laborers and women for immoral purposes but was enforced primarily against Chinese. For a PDF of each lesson, you will need to login as a teacher. This lesson is based on the topic of immigration. It particularly targeted anarchists and other potential radicals. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans were categorized racially as enemy aliens. As suspects for potential espionage and treason, although no evidence was ever uncovered, Japanese Americans became subject to the principle of military necessity and placed under curfew orders before being rounded up and confined in incarceration camps 100 miles away from the Pacific coast. These quantitative restrictions made illegal long-standing patterns of circular migrations between the United States and its nearest neighborsparticularly Canada and Mexicomagnifying the U.S.s immigration quandaries. Even as the bracero program continued to recruit temporary workers from Mexico, the Immigration Bureau led round ups of Mexican nationals. Mexican American Labor in the U.S. For Teachers 9th - 12th. Gradually each one went into this little room. Japanese faced less onerous reception as the Japanese government undertook to prescreen its citizens before allowing them to depart for the United States under restrictions agreed upon in the Gentlemens Agreement (1907-1908). National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior. How the government decided to handle each situation as it arosewith Congress passing laws, the executive branch carrying them out, and the judiciary evaluating the constitutionality of laws and practicesdepended on situations that varied over time. This Supreme Court decision affirmed that the federal government holds sole authority to regulate immigration. Diplomacy also informed early efforts to restrict immigration. In this lesson, students will explore the history of this nation of immigrants. In the settlement of the Mexican-American War, this treaty formalized the United States' annexation of a major portion of northern Mexico, El Norte, and conferred citizenship on Mexicans choosing to remain in the territory. (1790-1952) and therefore subject to the most severe immigration restrictions. The United States first turned to systematic immigration restriction by targeting Chinese in the 1870s. 3) Based on the questions from the immigration officers, what do you think they were trying to find out? It was a cold dark night when she arrived on the docks of San Francisco, and was immediately transferred from the ship to a shuttle boat to Angel Island. The country a misdemeanor and returning after a deportation a felony based on second. Of determining immigrants ' admissibility to the Western Hemisphere a per country of. 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